The Analysis of the Tragic Tess――the Spirit of Revolt
摘要：本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。
关键词：悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运
Abstract：This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on: (1) Tess’s fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.Key words: tragedy, spirit of revolt, industrial movement, and unfortunate fate
Tess of the d'Urbervilles, is the first famous work of Britain outstanding realistic writer, Hardy. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) was a Britain's critical realism novelist and poet at the end of the 19th century. Hardy's creation period includes carrying out the transition to the stage of imperialism from non- monopoly capitalism. He sees that the capitalist system is to give help to the working people, especially who experienced misfortune and disaster, bring them to agriculture and show sympathy to them.
Because Hardy had once had experience of living in the Ministry of Agriculture, he was extremely familiar with peasants' life, personality, custom, language, etc. Works of Hardy reflect capitalist factor invading Britain social economy, politics, morals, and enormous custom changes of under countryside, showed the miserable destiny of the rural working people of specific historical period. Hardy’s theme that create his novel, usually show the antinomy between people and society, personality and environment, especially through the description of issues such as love and marriage, displaying the individual confliction when people fight against social outmoded practice, religion law, morals custom. In his works, especially woman images in the works of him have deeply shown this characteristic. Tess of the d'Urbervilles, is the essential reflection of Hardy’s style and the society he wanted to show.
The industrial revolution of the 19th century and the emergence of machinery to the work force sparked the women’s movement in Europe. Women entered the work force. This was a turning point for women’s social, political and cultural roles. The financial independence resulted by this social development led women to gain more confidence in society and created a condition for breaking the barriers towards freedom. The bourgeois ideologues introduced the philosophy of equality so that they could continue the suppression of women in the name of religion and ethics.
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