自然拼读法在初一英语词汇教学中的应用研究开题报告

A. 文献综述

This part is the literature review on phonics including the definition and principle of phonics, the origin and development of phonics, the significance and necessity of learning phonics and some relevant theories and researches.

1 Phonics 

1.1.1 The Definition and Principle of Phonics

Phonics is a frequently used way that the English-speaking country people learn English. At the same time, it is also a useful way to learn English for the people who regard English as a second language. About the meaning of phonics, different scholars from different angles and different levels, have different opinions:

First of all, Adam(1995) believed phonics is to let the students realize the correspondence between letters and sounds and a kind of teaching method how to use the system to identify the word knowledge. Secondly, Venezky(1999) believes that phonics is the main description of phoneme decoding letters or symbols. Thirdly, Edward, H. T. (1997) thinks phonics is also known as the voice of phonics teaching method, who teaches students the correspondence between letters and sounds, so that students spell the words can after mastering the new words. Then, from the perspective of the philosophical epistemology, Corder, S. P.(1973) believes phonics is a abstract rules system who contributes to putting the letters into the pronunciation, which may be mastered by people or may not be understood by the people. Finally, from the angle of psychology, phonics is a set of rules whom people must learn to master. From the point of view of teaching theory, phonics is a teaching rules who must be learned through teaching. 

1.1.2 The Contents of Phonics

Phonics is the compulsory content in the primary school Chinese curriculum of the United States, the United Kingdom and some other English speaking countries. The so-called phonics is the relaxing and pleasant atmosphere that students can understand and learn 44 basic tone so as to master the rules of spelling in English. Once the students master the relationship between letters and letter combinations in pronunciation and spelling, they could read what is written and write what is read in English where the phonic is used. At present, in the primary school English education in China, most of them will use phonics to teach English pronunciation. Teachers use  the similarities between consonants and Chinese pronunciation so that children can quickly grasp the pronunciation of consonants. And then they use sound rules of   the vowel to guide students to naturally use the laws to remember the words. Although the children only subconsciously repeat, this method is very easy for the students to understand the rules of pronunciation, form the sense of language and lay the foundation for the future study of the phonogram. Phonics is the use of letters and letter combinations to know the pronunciation of the word and master English pronunciation and spelling words in a pleasant atmosphere. This method combines the phonetic and form of the word to teach, which reduces the difficult for students to remember the words, but increases the students' autonomous learning ability and learning confidence. Moreover, it also makes students get rid of the time-consuming and inefficient way of memorizing words.

1.1.3 The Origin and Development of Phonics

    In early eighteenth century, phonics has been appeared on the English education in the United States, whose main purpose is to let the most people be able to read books. At that time, people only read the Bible. Although people can recite the contents of the book, they do not know the true meaning of the Bible. At this point, there is a new method - the whole word teaching method. Subsequently, a variety of books on the whole word teaching methods have emerged, but soon this teaching method was verified to be not suitable for children. It is believed that man is an independent and thoughtful individual who opposes the training of children as animals. In 1960s, Jean Chall(1967) studied phonics, hoping to find some ways to help children's literacy and reading. In 1967, his work, Learning to Read , finally came out. 

In the book, he mentioned the phonics teaching method is more suitable than the whole word teaching methods to help children identify the shape and sound of words  and complete the task of reading. Between the 1960s and the 1970s, there are a large number of works related to phonics, all of which verify that phonics is more effective than full spelling. In 1990s, education in the North American countries focused on strengthening and enhancing the foundation to improve the ability to read and write English. At this point, the phonics defeats the whole word teaching method and is favored by the people. 

1.1.4 The Significance and Necessity of Learning Phonics

   Generally speaking, pronunciation and spelling are very important for English learning. Accurate pronunciation can help learners to communicate in the target language and correct spelling is very effective to improve reading ability. 

A long time ago, phonics has been an effective method for English native speakers to learn English. In elementary schools in the United States, phonics is taught in the first year of elementary school who is considered to be the golden age of learning the language. In the second year, students will receive some related reading and writing training. American teachers think that phonics is a good way for students to learn English. They would rather link the sounds and shapes of words together in the methods of phonics than teach international phonetic symbols, so as to directly reduce the amount of memory of the word. Through the study of phonics, students' vocabulary is also expanding. When a teacher is teaching a word, he will also introduce other similar words to the students to enlarge their vocabulary. For example, the vowel i in the word bike reads /ai/. At the same time, teachers will listed, at this time, some similar words, such as: like, mine and some others. In this way, students greatly broaden the vocabulary. On the contrary, Chinese students are still unable to communicate in English after learning English for many years. It is difficult for students to remember words, which leads to the decline in reading ability. In addition, China does not attach importance to the accuracy of words’ pronunciation, which influences the development of students' ability of listening and speaking. These phenomena can be solved through phonics. 

B. ^范文提纲格式

1duction

1.1Research Background

1.2 Research Purpose and Significance 

1.2.1 Purpose of the Research

1.2.2 Significance of the Research

1.3 Structure of the thesis 

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1Phonics

2.1.1 The Definition and Principle of Phonics

2.1.2 The Contents of Phonics

2.1.3 The Origin and Development of Phonics

2.1.4 The Significance and Necessity of Learning Phonics

2.2 Relevant Theory

2.2.1 Language Transfer Theory 

2.2.2 Phonics Awareness

2.3 Relevant Research 

2.3.1 The Relevant Research of Phonics Abroad 

2.3.2 The Relevant Research of Phonics in

3Chapter Three Methodology

3.1 Research Questions

3.2 Research Subjects

3.3 Research Instruments

3.3.1 Class Observation 

3.3.2 Questionnaire and Interview 

3.3.3 Test

3.4 Data Collection

4Chapter Four Results and Discussion

4.1 Results and Discussion of Questionnaires

4.2 Results and Discussion of Tests 

4.3 Results and Discussion of Class Observation

4.4 Results and Discussion of Interview

4.5 Analysis of the Pre-test and Post –test on word spelling 

Chapter Five Conclusion and Limitations

5.1 Findings 

5.1.1 Spelling

5.1.2 Writing

5.2 Limitation and SuggestionAcknowledgements

References 

C. 参考文献

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