Onheranslaionof“Walden”fromheperspeciveofFuncionalEquivalence_开题报告

1.开题报告主要内容包括：封面、文献综述、^范文提纲（需提供二级提纲）、参考文献（10篇以上）。 

2.字体：宋体，字号：小四，行间距：18磅。字数2000字以上。 （英语专业要求字体为：Times New Roman，英文书写，900个英语单词以上） 

3.开题报告格式规范参考如下：

一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义,研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：

Under the economic globalization nowadays, the exchanges between China and other countries have become increasingly frequent.Translation is play an important role in cultural and economic exchanges.and the literature translation is an important part in translation work.

Look back to the past,There have been many translation masters in our country,such as Yan Fu,who translated the‘‘Evolution and Ethics”.Fu Lei,who translated a lot of Foreign literature.since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.today,Translation work is becoming more and more standard and scientific.We have created a lot of translation theory,such as“faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance”created by Yan Fu;the functional equivalence,which is created by Eugene Nida.and my work,is use the functional equivalence to translate a classic American essays“Walden”.

Eugene A. Nida is a distinguished American translation theorist,and his functional equivalence theory has exerted a tremendous influence on translation studies.The judgement of the adequacy of a translation includes not only the corresponding lexical meaning,grammatical categories and rhetorical devices,but also the text as the original receptors do.As metaphors in the language are strongly culture-bound,how to handle metaphor translation in literary works is one of the baffling problem that the translators must face.

Readers’ response and the priority of content over form are the core theory of Nida’s functional equivalence theory.In translating literary works,the meaning is usually of priority over the form.the key point is whether the target message can provide in the target culture the same effect that the source text has in the source culture.priority of content over form is an important means to overcome the culture barriers and makes functional equivalence possible.and the literature translation must conform to this principle.

Walden is regarded as one of the influential American essay in nineteen century.the skillful of description contributes a lot to its success.on the basis of the functional equivalence theory,the paper mainly probes into the literature translation in the essay.

After a general survey of American essay and a careful study of Nida’s Functional Equivalence,the paper continues to a through investigation on a vast amount of samples in literature translation in the essay and corresponding translation strategies are put forward.keeping the original image during transference is one of the major concerns of the present paper,as in literary works, the original image is usually an important factor for the target language readers to sence the originality of the source text.As to the translation strategies,owing to the cultural connotation of literature translation,one should give first priority to literature translation.then substitution and free translation follow.finally is the combination of literal and free translation.

After all,translation is a complex phenomenon,whatever approach to translation is but one way of looking at the same thing from a specific angle.the present study is only a preliminary study of literature translation in functional equivalence approach.we need a more systematic study in the future.

二、^范文提纲

Contents

  

Acknowledgments                                           I

Abstract (in Chinese)        II

Abstract (in English)              III

1. Introduction1

1.1. Significance of the study1

1.2. Thesis statement（^范文申明）2

1.3. Organization of the thesis2

2. Literature review（文献综述）3

2.1. Introduction3

2.2. Literature review3

2.3. Summary（总结）4

3.the functional equivalence5

3.1. Definition of functional equivalence5

3.2. Application of functional equivalence7

4. Translation of the passage of "walden"9

4.1. Introduction of walden9

4.2. Basic strategies of translation13

4.2.1. Literal translation13

4.2.2.Free translation                             14

      4.2.3. Transliteration 15

4.3. Translation of the passage of "walden"    16

5. Conclusion22

Works Cited23

三、参考文献

[1]Catford,J.C.A linguistic theory of translation.London:Oxford University press.1965

[2]Nida,Eugene A...Language,culture,and translation.shanghai foreign language education press.2001

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[4]Shuttleworth, Mark, and Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Manchester: St.Jerome Publishing House, 1997.

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[14]许渊冲.文学与翻译.北京大学出版社.2003

[15]袁筱一、邹东来.文学翻译基本问题,上海人民出版社.2011