ABriefSudyofLanguageAcquisiion_开题报告

Language is such an important part of our life and humanity that too much about it has been taken for granted. It is widely acknowledged that the study of language acquisition is popular with foreigner linguists. Since 1950s ,western countries have set up new academic contributions,which has been widely spread on psychology,sociology, anthropology, etc. With the quick development of English linguistics and its relevant subjects,there are new researches both at home and abroad.

Language acquisition is a rather complicated period. As for the language acquisition , a load of researchers have put forward different theories and explanation, especially Chomsky’s innatist view, B.F.Skinner’s behaviorist view etc. Some scholars believe that  language acquisition is quite different from the period of language learning. As the famous American linguist S.D. Krashen put forward a theory ‘ language acquisition’ in 1970s ,he said there were mainly two approaches for children to master language:one was acquisition, the other one was learning. He also presented the way of language acquisition Input Hypothesis. He thinks that only when learners learn the comprehensive input and at the same time focus the attention on the meanings or comprehension of messages does it bring language acquisition. It is his famous theory i+1(i means the existing level of the learners ;1 means language materials a little difficult than the existing level. On the other hand ,Swain proposed another theory Output  Hypothesis. He considers only when the learners make sure the language they put out which can be understood , it will benefit language acquisition. And he also thinks the comprehensive output that can promote language acquisition in three ways :hypothesis function, noticing function,metalinguistic function. A.N.Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate and that children are born with what he calls LAD(LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE), a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. This way of language is a reaction against behaviourism in psychology and empiricism in philosophy. Chomsky’s INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS is based on the observation that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. He also argues that LAD is made up of three elements :a hypothesis-maker, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure. Children are born into many different speech communities and with equal ease, can pick up the language of the community they happen to be born into. 

The conception of the key period of language acquisition was put forward by Lenneberg（1967）firstly. He considered that there was a period of time existing in language acquisition. During this period, due to the functions of physiologic factors,the acquisition of language is the easiest. Beyond this period ,the capacity of language acquisition will be limited to a certain degree. The conception of the key period of language acquisition aroused people’s great interests. Later  a large amount of researches have proved that there really existed a key period of language acquisition. As to Lenneberg , the key period of language acquisition is from at age of two to teens. And during the key period of language acquisition,child learns language naturally with keeping in touch with the language environment and the interaction of language environment. Beyond the period, the efficiency of language learning will be reduced tremendously.

Language acquisition is one of the central issues in psycholinguistics. Possessing a language is the typically human traits: all normal human speak ,no nonhuman animal does. Learning a first language is something every child does successfully, in a matter of a few years and without the need for formal lessons. With language so close to the core of what it means to be human, it is surprising that children’s acquisition of language has received so much attention. Anyone with a strong view about the human mind would like to show that children’s first few steps are steps in the right direction. In the field of language acquisition scholars kept diaries of children’s speech for their research data. For example. Charles Darwin, the founder of the Evolution Theory was one of the first keeping the dairy of his son’s speech development. In the 1950s ,the portable tape-recorders became available for analyzing children’s spontaneous speech systematically. Now these naturalistic studies of children’s spontaneous speech have become even more accessible that they can be put into computer files and can be disseminated and analyzed automatically.

This paper is aimed to discuss some theories during language learning and factors even some problems which occur during the period. Now there still exist loads of arguments on the key stages in the child language development,such as whether child has any advantages over the adults .Language acquisition is a process of continuous development. It needs not only  comprehensive input ,but also needs abundant chances to exercise and to use language. Whatever the learners acquire input language or output language,the most important way to learn is the learner himself.

二、^范文提纲

1 Introduction

Research Background

Language and Cognition

2 Cognition

2.1 Psycholinguistics

2.2 Language Acquisition

3 Stages in Child Language Acquisition

3.1 Holophrastic stage

3.2 Two-word stage

3.3 Stage of three-word utterances

3.4 Fluent grammatical conversation stage

4Theories of child Language Acquisition

4.1 The Behaviorist view

4.2The Innate view

4.3The Interaction view

5 Factors of Language Acquisition

5.1 the Internal factors

5.2the External factors

6 Conclusion

三、参考文献

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