肯尼亚茶业的挑战和积极的发展

中文字数:3299,中文页数:3  英文字数:1981 页数:4

The Tea Industry in Kenya: The Challenges and Positive Developments
1. Introduction
 Tea was first introduced in Kenya from India by colonial settlers in 1903. Currently tea is the leading export crop in Kenya. In the world market, Kenya is the third largest producer of black tea after India and Sri Lanka. In 2001, the tea industry turnover was US$ 474 million of which US$ 437 million occurred from export. In the year 2002 Kenya was second only to Sri Lanka in exports of black tea.
 The success story of tea is a product of three main developments. First the government policy after independence to integrate small scale growers into the mainstream of tea growing. Currently the small scale growers under the umbrella of Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) account for sixty percent of the total tea production while the multinational sector and large scale growers account for the remaining forty percent. The establishment of an efficient estate sector under the British tea companies has also introduced revolutionary improvements in the estate and factory management with a resulting five-fold increase in output. The selection of high yielding varieties mainly by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (TRFK) and the selective application of herbicides and improved planting and cultivation methods, have had a dramatic effect on yield. In 1965, average yields in the estate sector were 948 kg per hectare. In 2002 they were two and a half times higher at 2498 kg per hectare.

肯尼亚茶业的挑战和积极的发展
一、导言
 1903年肯尼亚首次从定居印度的殖民者手中引入茶叶。目前，在肯尼亚茶叶是全球领先的出口作物。在世界市场上，肯尼亚是世界第三大红茶生产国，落后于印度和斯里兰卡。2001年，茶业营业额是47400万美元，其中43700万美元来自出口收入，2002年肯尼亚成为仅次于斯里兰卡的红茶出口国。肯尼亚茶成功的案例主要有三个主要的因素。首先，独立后的政府政策将小规模种植者变成主要茶叶生产者。目前，在肯尼亚茶叶发展局（ KTDA ）的保护伞下的小规模种植占茶叶生产总量的百分之六十，同时，跨国公司和大型种植者占剩余的百分之四十。根据英国茶叶公司经验茶叶产业部门还在产业和工厂管理等方面推出了革命性的改进，从而增加了5倍的出口。肯尼亚茶叶研究基金会（ TRFK ）主要通过选择高产品种、应用除草剂、改进种植和栽培方法手段等方法，对茶叶产量产生了巨大影响。1965年，茶叶平均单产984千克/公顷；2002年收于2498千克/公顷，是1965年的2.5倍。

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