中英文化风俗对比与分析(四)

20、Other older habits have been known to make some visitors a little uncomfortable when not used to fellow diners slurping their soup, laying discarded bones on the tablecloth, and audibly making a meal of a meal.
21、The second habit is dying out now that most restaurants provide side-plates for bones but it is still possible to see waiters clearing a table by sweeping everything into the middle of a tablecloth - rice bowls, chopsticks, bones and all - in order to have a vacant table as quickly as possible. As for mealtime noises, they are considered sounds of culinary appreciation, the slurping of soup also being an acceptable way of cooling it down before it burns the tongue.
22、The Guest Gets the Best
23、The guest of honor naturally receives the choicest morsels, and is expected to lead the way when necessary. With a fish course, the fish head would be left for the guest of honor - and it is the most nutritious part (the eyes and lips are the valued delicacies offered to the senior lady present). The platter holding the fish will always be laid on the table in such a way that the fish head points towards the guest of honor (at family meals, the head faces the head of the family). If visitors find that they are the guest of honor and are unwilling to accept the duties involved, they should always delegate the honor to the person on their left, or politely turn the platter so that the fish head faces the host.
24、At the end of the meal, when the guest of honor feels that everyone appears to have had their fill of post-prandial brandy or ceremonial final cups of tea, he should rise. In theory, no other diner can rise until the guest of honor has, and such a social nicety has often resulted in a meal being very lengthy! Nowadays, however, the host will usually give an appropriate, discreet hint to the guest of honor.
25、In a restaurant, the signs that a meal is ending are more obvious. A bowl of fruit will be presented, fresh towels will be provided for wiping mouths and hands, and the final pot of tea - a ceremonial farewell greeting - will not be refilled
26、The British people never urge to drink, and never drink strong dink. Wine is just an ornament of the dinner. Different wines have different meanings, but they never drink lot of wine at the table. Beer is their favorite one, but never too much. To them, the etiquette is more important than the beer. In the reverse, if a person drink too much during the dinner, it is impolite. If they are in the street inn, only a glass of wine will be a whole night. The wine culture in Britain is like the characteristics of the British people. So we seldom see some people drunkard in the street. Additionally if the food is different, the wine is different. For example, they drink red wine with meat, but white one with fish. They could choose how much to drink, but the most important, they must keep their etiquette. 27、It is worth noting that China has good capabilities for vine growing and for wine making: it has a wide variety of soils, many different climates and micro-climates, indigenous and imported grapes, as well as a huge population that constitutes a tremendous potential market, ... It is important to note, that culture serves as the starting point . The use of alcoholic drinks in its variety of applications is intimately related with the social, ethical, religious, economical, artistic and other aspects of life over all periods of time. 28、To some extents, the Chinese long history of over 5000 years has been the history of the evaluations of wine-culture. As the above statements, the wine culture has connected with the almost each aspects of our daily life, and I think this kind of intendancy is becoming stronger as the time went by. The top priority of my introduction is the relationships between the wine and the Chinese table manners. In China, there is so much etiquette in wine. The order of drinking is sensitive, as usual, the young to the old, and the humble to the respected. Also, in China, the order of circling the table is also sensitive, as usual; the most honorable has a seat in the square middle of the table, and the other circle by the right and left. I think this is the important reflection of Chinese feudal dominions for over several thousands years. With the comparison, British wine culture possesses the less sense of the sensitive considerations which is connected with the social superiorities and inferiorities. I think this is a distance between China and Britain. 29、The significance of knowing the differences of custom30、We have had a glimpse of the different customs of Britain and China. Of course what we have discussed just now are only one small aspect of the different culture. To learn the different culture is very important for our English major students and it really means a lot. Then what is the significance of understanding these differences? Followings are just some of them.
31、 In Political Activities32、To a country, the political activities with other countries are very important, which will improve the development of the relations between countries. And the harmonious relationship between countries is a fundamental factor of the peace and development of the world. During these activities, people should pay much attention to the custom differences between two countries; because it would promote the successful communication between different countries. Especially IF we visit Saudi Arabian countries, we should pay more attention to their customs, because the people of those countries are very sensitive, and lots of political problems appear between those countries. In all Islamic cultures, use your right hand for everything even if you are left-handed. The left hand is considered unclean. So in political activities, We should shake hands with them always with your right hand. And also in those countries, it is impolite talk with the female. Sometimes the misunderstanding of foreign countries’ custom will produce lots of problems in the process of communication, so the knowledge of this is helpful for dealing with these problems.
33、In Business Activities34、Globalization has changed the way the world does business. Today, international businessman increasingly find themselves working in multi-cultural environments, dealing with real difference in everything from communication styles to social etiquette. In the era of globalization, understanding the basis of custom in both informal and formal settings is an important skill. It allows a businessperson to concentrate on the deal at hand rather than worrying about which fork to use or which hand to use for passing food. Without this, you may even put your company’s image at risk. However, learning to deal with the differences and perhaps turn them to your advantage can make the difference between a successful and unsuccessful international business deal. Taking the differences between the east and the west for example, we know, compared with Asian culture, American culture and European culture are more individualized, which belong to the low—context culture. Therefore, some adventures proper in China or Japan, which are indirect and obscure, are improper in western countries. Because those kinds of adventures in western countries will make people confused. For example, a piece of advertisement of Nestle coffee “The taste is wonderful” is very popular in China. However, if in Germany, the consumers will immediately ask “In which way is it wonderful?” because Germans are very prudent, they think that advertisement is so vague.
35、in Academic Exchanges36、With the development of the society, the academic exchanges become more and more frequent. These exchanges are so beneficial to the progress of our world. However, we should understand that the successes of the exchanges are on the basis of mutual understanding of each country’s custom and values. Then we will have the possibility to make academic exchanges and gain some achievements. In a university, if some teacher will visit a foreign university, they often take something as gifts to the foreign friends. Considering different cultures, what kind of gifts to choose is very important. For example, in Japan, please don’t give anyone the same gift. Individual in the higher level should get and they expect better—quality gifts than their underlying. This is consistent with the cultural respect for rank and an individual’s place in the social order. A failure to differentiate between ranks could be viewed as an insult.

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