透过直译看英汉的文化差异---开题报告

With the popularity and prosperous development of cultural studies in recent years, scholars have shifted along their understanding of translation in its traditional sense. It is believed that translation is no longer regarded as merely a cross-linguistic activity, but essentially cross-cultural communication. Just as Nida claims that “for truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism translation in nature is an activity of cross-cultural communication” (Nida 1993:110).

Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original, it is a type of translation in which more attention is given to preserving the SL (source language) wording intact than producing a naturally reading TL (target language), also known as word-for word translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.

This paper will firstly check the definition of culture and its relation with language and translation. Then it introduces some examples in translation, tries to explore some differences between Chinese and Western cultures reflected in language, providing some background information for further analysis. Lastly the paper tries to explore some workable approaches to major obstacles in cultural translation.

From many examples in translation, it can be concluded that in translating cultural elements, the translation should on one hand maintain the original flavor, while on the other hand be accepted and comprehended by the target language readers in almost the same manner that the readers of the original text do. To reach the corresponsive effect in translation between English and Chinese, it is necessary to be aware of the cultural elements, especially the cultural differences involved between these two languages.

Key words: Translation, Cultural differences, Literal Translation

文献综述

近年来，随着跨文化研究的蓬勃发展，翻译学界也顺应潮流，研究重点转至翻译中的文化差异。翻译已经不单单是跨语言的一种活动，而且是一种跨文化交际活动。正如Nida所讲的，“翻译是两种文化间的交流，对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景中才有意义。”(Nida 1993:110）

直译在转达原文意思时，使译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文一致起来，能完全对等就完全对等，不能完全对等的也要大致对等。其理想目标做到“神”、“形”兼备。即不但表达原文内容，而且保持原文形式上的特点，如比喻，形象、民族特色等。一般认为，译文形式和内容都与原文一致谓之直译，即把原语的表达形式直接移入译语，保持原文的形式与内容。本文先从讨^范文化的定义入手，进而阐述文化，语言和翻译的内在关联，然后以英汉翻译实践中的一些典型例句为例，探讨了中英文化差异在两种语言上的反映，最后一部分针有对性地阐述了如何采取适当的翻译策略去处理其中的文化差异。综上，译者应该针对不同类型文本，选择恰当的翻译策略以最大限度地保持原文风貌，促使不同的观点和思维方式在对话中交流，译文既要保持原文的风貌，最大限度地传达原文特定的内涵，又要顾及读者的接受习惯，实现跨文化交流的功能。 

关键词：翻译 文化差异 直译 

Contents:

1 Introduction

2 Culture, Language and Translation

2.1 Language and Culture

2.2 The Relation between Translation and Culture

2.3 The Essence of Translation

2.4 Literal & Free Translation

3 Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures Reflected in the Languages..

3.1 Historical Cultural Difference

3.2 Different Geographical and Regional Environments

3.3 Different Modes of Thinking

4 The Method of Literal Translation

5 Conclusion

6 Reference

References:

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