languageenvironmenandranslaion_开题报告

Translation is one of the many language activities, this is a form of language to another language content in the form of new language practice activities，Translation is one of the many language activities, this is a form of language to another language content in the form of new language practice activities。

（一）domestic research

On the translation of the standards, the overall criterion is by translator yan Fu in the Qing dynasty 1898 Years, he thinks a good translation should do: "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance ", That is faithful to the original Mr smooth, elegant text. 

(二) the foreign research status

English translation theorist Alexander Fraser Tytler proposed in the discussion on art to translation Translation of the three principles:1) translation should convey the original concepts;2), the style and tone of voice are of the same nature of the original work; 3) The fluency of the translation should have the original. Former Soviet Union translation theorist a.v. Fedorov's "equivalence" translation. An outline of his theory in the translation of a book that "equivalent is the term used in translation makes it clear that the following concepts:1) consistent with the original function (equivalent in expression);2 ) Translator's language of choice material of equivalent (linguistic and stylistic equivalent). Famous American translator Eugene NIDA's translation standards, and was described as "real, understandable, appropriate, attract readers of the original" four sentences. He translated reader locust factor is included in the standard, and is a major contribution to the study of translation ready. 

（三）Main academic viewpoints and the results obtained

In ancient China the first official translation from the Dong Hanheng was built and two years Gao Shian hand, has a history of more than 1800 years ago, he translated the lightness and so on more than 30 of the 50 schools of thousands of Buddhist scriptures. Translate culminated in the opium wars to the "May Fourth" in front of Western political thought and literary translation. A large number of Western political thought, scientific methods of translation and translation of classics of Western literature come out. Made his famous "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" translation of Yan Fu is the most famous and most influential on later translations translator. First introduced in classic western capital to China is Fu. Push the greatest literary translation when Lin Yu. Lin Yu in cooperation with others, to translate works of literature more than 160, including Uncle Tom's cabin (Uncle Tom ' s Cabin), Hamlet, etc.

（四）development

Translation criteria from both, 1) reader, 2-) is a translator. Linguistic context and mood are different, translation to different, not literally control translation of the word. According to the conception and language environment to determine.

二、^范文提纲

1语境与翻译

1.1翻译的定义

1.2翻译的标准

2语义翻译

2.1直译和意译

2.2翻译中的灵活性

3名家论翻译

3.1林语堂：《论翻译》

3.2傅雷：《高老头》

4译本比较

4.1理想的丈夫

4.2画蛇添足

三、参考文献

例如：

[1]冯庆华.实用翻译教程(英汉互译)第三版 上海:上海外国语教育出版社2010:3-5

[2] 冯庆华.实用翻译教程(英汉互译)第三版 上海:上海外国语教育出版社2010:23-25

[3] 申雨平 戴宁.实用英汉翻译教程 北京:北京国防印刷厂2004:45-46

[4] 申雨平 戴宁.实用英汉翻译教程 北京:北京国防印刷厂2004:179-180

[5]李玉鹏 李雪雁 英汉翻译教程 河南: 河南郑州文化印刷厂2000:2-4

[6] 冯庆华.实用翻译教程(英汉互译)第三版 上海:上海外国语教育出版社2010:37-43

[7] 冯庆华.实用翻译教程(英汉互译)第三版 上海:上海外国语教育出版社2010:225-229

[8] 冯庆华.实用翻译教程(英汉互译)第三版 上海:上海外国语教育出版社2010:314-319

[9]曾绪 论语境与语义的关系 西南科技大学<高教研究>2002年第4期（总第65期）

[10]张琼 浅谈语境和翻译的关系 长春理工大学学报 2011年第6卷第8期