从功能角度研究英语邮件的翻译原则和策略OnheTranslaionSraegiesofE-mailformhePerspeciveofFuncionEquivalence_开题报告

Literature Review

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. English is the most commonly spoken language in the world. 43 countries are use English to be official language. Most of the international content produced on the internet is in English and English has long been default language of trade.  After China into WTO, more and more foreign company into China, more and more trade business we have, more and more chance cooperation with foreign people who can spoke English. Meanwhile, E-mail to be a communication medium, it is being used more and more. 

I’m a seller who charge with foreign business trade, in daily work, write E-mail, answer E-mail translate E-mail and express E-mail content is my main work. During the work, how to translate right and express clients ideas accurate to the other coworker is my biggest challenge.

Talk about E-mail translate we have to study translation theory, we learn it form our translation classes.

First famous theory is Yan Fu’s “Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance” theory Yan Fu’s theory is the most famous translation principles in China, he said that faithfulness without expressiveness is as good as no translation. Hence, a piece of translation must be faithful as well as expressive. As he said, good translators must have a thorough understanding of the source texts, but they must be aware of desires and expectation of their compatriots so they can select works appropriate to their time.

However, Compare the literary translation and E-mail translation, they are so different, that lead to translation principles and strategies are different. E-mail translation it is one of function translates, some of below theories, we still use it to be translate theory to translate function articles.

Skopos Theory: focuses on translation as an activity with an aim or purpose, and on the intended addressee or audience of the translation. To translate means to produce a target text in a target seeing for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances. In skopos theory, the status of the source text is lower than it is in equivalence-based theories of translation. The source is an “offer of information”, which the translator turns into an”offer of information” for the target audience.

Nida’s Theory of Formal Equivalence

In the book Towards a Science of Translation, Nida states that “one must in translating seek to find the closest possible equivalence: one which may be called formal and other which is primarily dynamic” （Nida. 1964. p. 159). Nadia believes “ Formal equivalence focused attention on the message itself, in both form and content. That means Nida thought poetry should correspondence as poetry, sentence should correspondence as sentence, and concept should correspondence as concept.

Nida’s Theory of Dynamic Equivalence: 

In the book Towards a Science of Translation, Nida first puts forward the concept of dynamic equivalence. He says, “In such a translation(dynamic translation) one is not so concerned with matching the receptor-language message with the source language message, but with the dynamic relationship, that the relationship between the original receptor and the message.”

Nada’s Theory of “Function Equivalence”  In 1969, the famous American translation theorist Engene A.Nida put forward functional equivalence theory. Unlike the traditional translation theories that mainly stress the correspondence between the source language and target language, Nida’s functional equivalence theory reader’s response. Nida points out that in order to reach the ideal translation, it is necessary to find the closet natural equivalence. Nida’s functional equivalence theory open up a new perspective to translation studies. In Nida’s view, translation is not only the equivalence of words meaning, but also includes semantics, and style, the message translation of both the surface lexical information, but also deep cultural information. 

Nida’s focus on receptor’s response in his new concept of translating is actually the theory of dynamic equivalence, which is “directed primarily toward equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form”. In Nida’s opinion, a dynamic equivalent translation must fit the receptor language and culture in order to make the translated message intelligible and natural to the target language receptors. “ A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression, and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his won culture; it does not insist that he understands the cultural patterns of the source language context in order to comprehend the message.”

Newmark’s Theory of Communicative Translation: he provided two kinds of translation theory, one is “Communicative Translation”, in this theory, he try to lead readers as close as possible to meet original text. The other theory is “Semantic Translation” which purpose is for fully expressing the author’s intention and idea based on the semantic analysis of the source text. In his two kinds of theory, the difference is: communicative translation emphasize the purpose, if the sentence is simple enough, clear and direct, people who listening this sentence can understood is OK. The lack of this kind of translate is tending to not complete translate. The other translate theory is “semantic translation” ,  this kinds of translation usually have more complicated structure, more details, even some of the details is not necessary.So this kinds of theory we usually though is over translation.

Based on the daily work , the communication with colleagues, I have found there are the following translate issues existing among the E-mail translation (1) use correct meaning adding and deleting . (2) using the wrong part of speech.

Conclusion

According to my experience of work and learn English, I though translate correct is important, and use right way to express the idea is also important like Yan Fu said. 

Outline

Title: On the Translation Strategies of E-mail form the Perspective of Function Equivalence

Introduction(backgrounds of writing this paper)

Theoretical

Definition and development of Function Equivalence

Principles of Function Equivalence

Translation Strategies of E-mail form the perspective of Function Equivalence.

Meaning adding and deleting

Use correct part of speech.

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