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Translation Techniques of Introductory Texts

Ktbg3574 Translation Techniques of Introductory Texts1.1.Research BackgroundChina is a country with 5000 years of civilization, its unique traditional culture, colorful folk customs and attractive scenery has attracted the attention of tourists from around the world. And at the same time, it show..

Translation Techniques of Introductory Texts Ktbg3574 Translation Techniques of Introductory Texts

1.1.Research Background

China is a country with 5000 years of civilization, its unique traditional culture, colorful folk customs and attractive scenery has attracted the attention of tourists from around the world. And at the same time, it shows her modern charm through the international cities like Hongkong, Beijing, Shanghai and so on. In China, tourism, as a low-carbon industry, is developing rapidly in recent years. According to the China national tourism administration, statistics show that in first half of 2015 alone, the number of inbound tourists has already reached 65.1 million, in which the foreigners are more than 12.3 million. So tourism not only becomes one of pillar industries in national economy, but also undertake the responsibility to showcase China’s infinite charm. But how could we make the foreigners understand China better? No doubt language is one of the most powerful tools, especially the tourism translation in English.

China has abundant tourism resources and numerous tourist cities. Translation of publicity material for these cities, as a kind of text, is a messenger of culture, a marketing medium of the tourism market and a tool to attracting foreign visitors. Therefore, a high-quality translation material can fuel economic growth, meanwhile, enhance the international image of the tourist cities.

There are a variety forms of translation materials of scenic spots, e.g. travel brochure, road marks, the websites, newspapers, videos and pictures etc. So it is of great importance to improve the translation quality and make it more generally acceptable.

1.2.Research Object

The translation of scenic spots introductions is quite different from the translation of other pratical writings, i.e. official correspondences, academic documents, speech drafts and etc. In this paper, the study is based on the introductory texts of scenic spots from 3 cities Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. First the basic theory used in this paper will be elaborated. Then the material collected from internet, guide books and the scenic spots etc. will be studied. Try to find out the problems in these texts and summarize the general techniques of translating introductory texts. Since diverse cities have diverse features, different text formats have different purpose, other pratical techniques will also be proposed as an addition to the general ones. At last, an example will be given to explain how to use these techniques in the actual process of translation, and then come to the conculsion

2. Literature Review

2.1 Translation Theory Study

Through the literature search, it is found that the study of tourism translation is mainly from the angle of function theory, cross-culture, skopos theory and so on.

The British translation theorist Peter Newmark divided the text type into vocative text, informative text and expressive text. In the book “A Textbook of Translation”, he said “The core of the vocative function of a language is the readership, the addressee. I use the term vocative in the sense of ‘calling upon’ the readership to act, think or feel, in fact to react in the way intended by the text.(p.39)” “The core of the informative function of language is external situation, the facts of a topic, reality outside language, including reported ideas or theories. The format of an informative text is often standard: a textbook, a technical report, an article in a newspaper or a periodical, a scientific paper, a thesis, minutes or agenda of a meeting”(p.41). “The core of the expressive function is the mind of the speaker, the writer, the originator of the utterance. He uses the utterance to express his feelings irrespective of any response”(p.42). Base on this theory, it is thought that the introductory texts of scenic spots have vocative, informative and expressive these three functions in one, and the main two ones are informative function and vocative function.

H.J.Vermeer, Christiane Nord et al. proposed the theme theory of the functional translation school under the first rule of the translation process, that is Skopos theory, and then came out three basic rules: skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. So translating the introductory texts is a type of purposeful activity, we must be with clear target, use appropriate techniques according to the three basic rules.

2.2 Translation Strategy Study

A large number of literature search suggests that the study involving translation strategies is not that much. Based on the text function, Cui Guoqiang in the paper “On Text Funcitions and Translation Strategies of Tourism Brochures” suggested the strategy of literal translation, liberal translation, addition and abridgement after the study of tourism brochures. Tan Lijun in the paper “A Study of the C-E Translation of Scenic Spots Names” introduced the principles of the translation for scenic spots names, the “adaptation to original names” principle and the functional equivalence principle, which guide the translating process. And then introduced the translation method, namely transliteration, literal translation, explanatory translation, transliteration plus explantory translation. Dingheng, based on Skopos theory, parallel text analysis and the translation principles, expores the translation strategies of the external propaganda materials for tourist cities. In the paper, the author summarized the features of the English tourist promotional materials and then comes up with the specific strategies for paper translation in order to serve as guide for the translators in this field.

3. Translation Theory and Principles

3.1. Skopos theory

3.2. Translation Principles

4. Translation Techniques

4.1 General Techniques of Scenic spots names

4.2 General Techniques of Introductory paragraphs

4.3 Additional Techniques

4.4 Iillustration

5.Conclusion

Reference

[1]Newark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation [M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

[2]贾文波.应用翻译功能论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2004.

[3]卞建华.传超与承载：功能主义翻译目的论研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，2008.

[4]李文革.西方翻译理论流派研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，2009.

[5]崔国强. On Text Funcitions and Translation Strategies of Tourism Brochures [D]. 吉林财经大学，2010年.

[6]丁姮.旅游城市对外宣传材料的英译策略研究. 黑龙江大学，2013年.

[7]谭丽君. A Study of the C-E Translation of Scenic Spots Names [D]. 湖南师范大学，2012年.

[8]周敏.关于旅游景点介绍的翻译方法[M]. 考试周刊，2010(29):41-42.

[9]中国旅游研究院.“2015年 1-6月入境外国游客人数（按目的分）”. 17 July, 2015< :// .cnta.gov.cn/zwgk/lysj/201507/t20150717_742201.shtml>

[10]Ma Guozhi.Scenic Spot Texts’ Comparative Analysis and Translation in English and Chinese[M].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报，2011(1):64-67.

[11]何晶.Strategies and Principles for Translating Chinese Tourism Texts Based on Skopos Theory[D]. 华中师范大学，2013年.

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