论英美电影所反映的个人价值文化RefleconheAngloAmericanmovieculurepersonalvalue_开题报告

 

电影是文化一个的载体，文化通过这个载体进行有效的传播。制作者可以用电影阐述着思想，记录着历史，传递着文化，引导着方向。把现今社会大众价值观和大众认知通过电影表现出来，这些共同的大众生活特点其实就是大众文化在某个方面的缩写和投射。它反映出特定时期，特定国家、民族或地域的社会文化现象及其文化价值与观念。要了解一个地方或国家的文化，最快的方法就是看他们的电影，电影是一个国家的文化形象。

美国人有着强烈的自我中心观念，信奉个人主义，并使追求个人幸福成为一种社会的共识，而美国公民鼎立膜拜这种个人英雄，他们崇尚个人奋斗，冒险，因此，美国电影极力宣扬以自我为中心的个人主义和英雄主义，希望以此鼓励自己民族，勇于承担自身责任，并为社会做出贡献。

影片《阿甘正传》和《当幸福来敲门》都是传统美国梦中实现自我价值的经典代表作，讲述每个人可以有自己的梦想，可以用自己喜欢的方式实现自己的梦想。《肖申克的救赎》叙述个人价值中身心自由的重要性，忙着去活或是忙着去死?(Keep busy living or get busy die)一个人不论追求自由的路有多坎坷，只要相信自己，不放弃希望，不放弃努力，耐心地等待生命中属于自己的辉煌。这部影片之所以成为经典，是因为他的个人价值被美国大众认可，影片瑞德（Mogran Freeman饰演）说：“first you hate them ，then you get used to,enough time passes...you get so you depend on them 。That is instititutionalized（起初，你讨厌它，然后你逐渐的习惯它，足够的时间后你开始依赖他。这就是体制化）”。主人公不想被约束，用了几十年与体质斗争，一直保持希望，最后打破体质，回归自由。

还有最近的新片《火星救援》，这部影片不仅包含了个人自我价值的表现，也包含美国大众对个人价值的强烈认可。主人公沃特尼醒来独自一人在火星，而食物只够一个月的供应。幸好他天性幽默乐观，而且是个植物学专家，决定靠自己的力量生存下去，等到下次火星任务的到来，虽然这一等就要四年。沃特尼精心计算如何最大限度地利用他在这颗干旱星球上的时间，开始利用自制的肥料种植土豆，对手头的所有材料物尽其用。影片中主人公表现了对个人价值中自我生存的渴望，而在地球上，公众哀悼马克的悲剧死亡后，一位眼尖的NASA技术员在监看时注意到火星表面的运动迹象，怀疑可能是马克还活着。官方也公布了他的最新消息，全国都一致要求前往救援，不管付出多大的代价，这也是展现了美国大众对个人价值高于一切经济利益的基本观念。

Abstract

Film is the carrier of culture, culture can be effective transmission by this vector. Producers can use the film expounded his thought, record the history, passing the culture, aand the culture of a place or country, the fastest way is to see their films, the film is a country'nd guide the direction，and expresses the universal values. Film reflects the cultural phenomenon from specific period, specific countries, specific ethnic, specific region. To understs cultural image.  

Of course, the influence of American culture is multifaceted. Objectively speaking, American culture has its negative influence and its positive cultural value. Cultural attitude was always supposed to be inclusive of broad, tolerance is a great, any culture would like to improve must absorb all the essence of the culture. Films are one of the important medias, we can see the American film culture in the context of contemporary film culture that from the behind of those typical American movies, and to understand and absorb the valuable culture.

    Americans have a strong sense of self - centered, Believe in individualism, And the pursuit of personal happiness has become a social consensus. American citizens worship this kind of personal hero, they advocate personal struggle and adventure. So, the American film touted to self as the center of individualism and heroism, hoping to encourage their own nation, be brave in to assume their responsibilities, and make a contribution to society.      

The movie 《Forrest Gump》 and 《The Pursuit of Happyness》 is a classic representative of the realization of self value in the traditional American dream. Give an account of everyone can have dreams themselves, and they can use way to realize dreams themselves.

《The Shawshank Redemption》narrated the importance of the freedom of body and mind. “Keep busy living or get busy die”Don't worry about how hard it is to pursue freedom, as long as you believe in yourself, do not give up hope, do not give up the effort, patience to wait for their own glory in life. The hero said:”first you hate them ，then you get used to,enough time passes...you get so you depend on them . That is instititutionalized.”  But he does not want to be bound, Fight against the institution for two decades. Keep hope, get redemption. 

 

There is also the latest film,《The Martian》 which includes not only the personal value of the individual performance, but also the American public's strong recognition of the value of the individual. After being hit by a nasty sandstorm on Mars, astronaut Mark Watney (Matt Damon) is presumed dead and is left behind by his fellow crewmembers. With the next mission scheduled to arrive in four years, Watney has to come up with ways to grow food and create water on Mars while trying to contact NASA. He also manages to scavenge resources to produce energy to keep the rover working. The hero in the film shows the urge to survive for self in the personal value, And on the earth, the public mourning after the death of Mark, A NASA’s technician noticed signs of movement on the surface of Mars on the detector. And he suspects that Mark is still alive. Afher that the official was not hiding the news from Mark was still alive. All the people in the country have agreed to go to the rescue,no matter how much it cost. The Mark’s teammate of Just about to return to the earth, but when they learned that Mark was still alive. they all agreed to go back to save Mark. This is also a show of the American public's basic concept of personal value above all economic interests.

 

Contents

  Introduction 

1.1.  Research Background 

1.2.  Research Object

2.  Film review

2.1.  Definition of personal value

2.2.  Personal values reflected in the content of the film

2.2.1.  Self realization in personal value

2.2.2  Physical and mental freedom in personal value

2.2.3  Personal life in the personal value

 Conclusion

References

[1] 《个人价值系统 》[Z] 百度百科

[2] 特瑞·伊格尔顿，方杰.《文化的观念》[M].南京：南京大学出版社，2003：8-9.

[3] 克莉丝汀，汤普森·大卫，波德维尔，陈旭光，何一薇.《世界电影史》[M] .北京：北京大学出版社，2004：1.

[4] 《Forrest Gump》[Z]作者:[美]Winston Groom 1994

[5] 《The Pursuit of Happyness》[Z]编剧：Steve Conrad  2006

[6] 《The Shawshank Redemption》 [Z]编剧Stephen Edwin King 1994

[7]《The Martian》[Z]导演：雷德利·斯科特  2015

[8] 曹颖哲，《英语畅谈畅听美国文化》，[M]大连理工大学出版社，2014.

[9] 玛丽安娜，美国文化背景[M].北京:世界图书出版公司,1999.

[10]马琴，《美国经典电影赏析》，[M]河北大学出版社，2001，（1）

[11]John Belton,American Cinema/American Culture,(《美国电影美国文化》）[M],上海人民出版社,2010.