ASudyonheTranslaionofScenicSposAriclefromCuluralPerspecive_开题报告

At present, because of the cultural differences, many article translation in the scenic spots may be misunderstood and can not achieve accurate translation effects. For this reason, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the translation of scenic spots articles, especially from the cultural perspective, and many have proposed some useful theories, strategies for the translation. 

1.1 Studies at abroad

Although foreign scholars do not directly focus on the scenic spot translation, they focus on text translation from different aspects. German functionalist school thinks that the translation behavior is goal-oriented. This goal determines the translation skills and strategies in the process of practice, for achieving the desired function of the translation. The representative scholar, Vermeer (1970) summarized the three principles of the theory: purpose principle, coherence principle and fidelity principle. Christine Nord (2005) in his book Analysis of Functional Translation Theory proposed four translation-oriented text function model, referential function, expression, appellate function, phatic function. 

Peter Newmark (2001) explores through text characters. He divided different texts into three types: expressive text, informative text and vocative text. He states that most of the texts possess the above three functions, but only with one particular text. For different types of texts, he puts forward two different translation strategies: semantic translation and communicative translation. 

From the pragmatic perspective, Jef Verschueren (1987) builds up his linguistic adaptation theory as a framework, and explores the linguistic expressions and cultural conventions that conform to the target language through rhetorical deviation. The relevance theory proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1995) serves as a framework for the study of tourism translation. The core of the theory is communication and cognition, which regards translation as the communicative activity between the original author and the translator, the translator and the target reader. They hold that the key of translation is to find out the optimal relevance to reach the most effective contextual effects. However, due to cultural differences, in tourism translation the implicit meaning is often hard to be understood. 

1.2 Studies at home

With the fast development of Chinese tourism, more and more Chinese scholars focus on the tourism translation, and now the studies can be divided into aspects of theory application, text characters and cultural differences. 

Ning Zhongnian (2007) makes a deep analysis of translation function theory and puts forward some translation methods such as analogy and simplified translation in the presence of cultural differences. Zhou Fengli (2007) studies from the relevance theory and points out that in tourism translation, the translator should pay attention to all aspects of the readers’ understanding, such as environment, knowledge structure, knowledge level and so on. 

Cao Lingjuan and Jiao Aimei (2004) analyze the tourism translation styles and find that in the Chinese culture, the great scenery, the landscapes are preferred to be introduced in the adjective words, and the historical knowledge is used as the background. Also Chinese often use four character idioms to reflect the rich connotation of scenic spots. In writing structure, Chinese often pay attention to the writing pattern and catchy rhyme. For the Western style of tourism introduction, the writing principle is to use short words to describe the main parts, and rarely are adjectives used. Kang Ning (2005) studies the similarities of Chinese and Western from differences. He summarizes similarities such as translation equivalence in scenic description, goal for readers’ understanding, and focus on the moral and aesthetic perspectives etc.

Fan Ningyu (2007) puts forward his own opinion that tourism translation should start from its own cultural roots, and to retain its own cultural characteristics. At the same time, the cultural customs of tourists also need be taken into consideration. Li Xue (2011) also points out to focus on values, reading habits, and aesthetic differences of different cultures. She suggests to use short, vocabulary of similar lexical meanings instead of redundant expressions. With the view of Li Chengming (2012), translators should focus on cultural differences and cultural barriers in the process of tourism translation, while translation should be made according to different cultural traditions, so as to avoid cultural barriers and to achieve the purpose of communication.

Outline 

1. Introduction

2. Analysis of Scenic Spots Article Translation 

2.1 Translation Principles from Cultural Perspective

2.2 Translation Examples

3. Conclusion

3. References

Christiane Nord, 诺德, 张美芳,等. 译有所为:功能翻译理论阐释[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社, 2005.

Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

Vermeer, Hans J. Skopos and Commission in Translational Action[A].Lawrence Venuti. The Translation Studies Readers[C]. London and New York:Routledge,2000.

Verschueren, J. Pragmatics as a Theory of Linguistics Adaptation [C]. Ipra Woking Document 1, Antwerp: International Pragmatics Association, 1987. 

Sperber ,DWilson,D. Relavance :Communication and Cognition. Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1995.

Verschueren , J . 1999. Understanding Pragmatics[J]. London and New York: Arnold., 1995.

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