AnAnalysisofHamle’sTragedy_开题报告

••••••The tragedy of Hamlet (1601) was taken by Danish historian, San se so, in the late twelfth Century. The history of Denmark, written by Grama Tika. The book tells of Claudis's story of killing his brother, compiling the throne and Hamlet's revenge for his father. During the Renaissance, Belf, a French writer, adapted this ancient history and wrote a tragic story. In 1589, a bloody tragedy Hamlet appeared on the British stage. Shakespeare, drawing on the works of his predecessors, endowed his own work Hamlet with great social significance and created a great tragedy reflecting the humanistic ideology with a very high artistic level.

It is well known that Hamlet is a tragedy, but there are different opinions about the cause of Hamlet's tragedy. "Hamlet" is a tragedy of humanistic thinkers, according to the Encyclopedia of China Foreign Literature. But domestic critics tend to look for reasons from a social perspective. The dominant view is that Hamlet is the representative of humanism, and his tragedy is objectively due to the relatively strong strength of the feudal class on the opposing side, and the relatively weak strength of Hamlet is the representative of humanism. Subjectively, Hamlet has his own limitations as a humanist. For example, too much faith in the power of thinking, isolation from the masses, isolation and so on. So this view can also be called social reason. Western critics tend to look for reasons from an individual perspective. One of the most influential views was that Hamlet was weak and hesitant in nature and could not undertake the historic task of reforming society. In Goethe's opinion, Hamlet describes "a great cause committed to the undeniable, and this play is written entirely in this sense." In other words, Hamlet was asked to do the impossible, which was not impossible in itself, but impossible to him. How he wandered, unfolded, feared, faced with dilemmas, always remembered the past, and finally almost lost his purpose in front of him, and could no longer be a happy prince. Therefore, Hamlet's "very weak and melancholy" thought made him postponed in revenge action. This view can also be called individual defect theory.

However, it is correct to look for the cause of Hamlet's tragedy from a social perspective. First of all, Hamlet is not a historical document explaining the causes of the failure of the humanist struggle, nor does Shakespeare describe him as a tragedy of a generation of humanists. Instead, the story of Hamlet's revenge for his father was described in the context of the Danish Court in the middle ages. From the beginning, the script depicts the social situation of unrest in Denmark. It is generally felt that "the end of the world". Claudius, the new king, was tempted by power. The flood of lust broke the dam of reason, seized the throne by killing his brother, occupied his sister-in-law, and attempted to kill Prince Hamlet by treacherous means. Hamlet is the legal heir to the throne, and is supported by the masses, for his revenge and even reorganization, as long as the killing of Claudius on the line. And his prince's status made it possible for him to have such an opportunity, so he did not need to gather like Leotis. Instead, he should be careful to conceal his intentions so that Claudius would not see his truth and heighten his guard. Therefore, his individual action fully meets the needs of the objective situation, and can not be attributed to the humanists out of the limitations of the masses. On the one hand, the excessive disparity between the two sides can be the main reason for Hamlet's tragedy. On the surface, Claudis holds the power of the state and the power of the court. Hamlet, on the other hand, was alone, and his former lovers and friends were now agents of Claudius. Therefore, the strength contrast between the two is very disparate. But Claudius's power was not entirely his own, but his position, as it had fallen into the hands of old Hamlet after his death, and as soon as he died, it would be in Hamlet's hands. Moreover, Claudius, though he had the power of the state, for various reasons, could not use it openly to attack Hamlet, but could only use it by tricks. On the other hand, because of his position as prince, Hamlet also had a certain amount of power to use, and in fact he had used, such as arranging for the performance of Gonzagau's death, and arranging pirates to deliver letters for himself. Therefore, the power contrast between Claudius and Hamlet is not as wide as it seems, and the struggle between them is still to a large extent a personal contest.

Western critics believe that the cause of Hamlet's tragedy is due to his weakness and hesitation. It is mainly based on Hamlet's repeated procrastination in the process of revenge. Put it in the personality defect theory. But we should admit that Hamlet did have a delayed act. But the question is, why should he delay? Is it because he is weak in nature or because of other reasons? Here is an analysis of influential Hamlet's weak and hesitant views. It was nearly two months since the ghost revealed to Hamlet the truth about his father's death in time. It was time for the play, and his lover, Ophelia, said that his father had been dead for four months, and that during the play, two months had passed since his father's death, and then things had taken a turn for the worse. On the night of the play, Hamlet killed Polonius by mistake, was sent back to England by Claudius, pretended to return home, and then met Leotis in the cemetery, and they wrestled, followed by the sword, with Claudius. One action after another, the interval between them is also very short. At first, Hamlet was a happy prince; and when he learned of his father's murder and his mother's disgrace, it was a bolt from the blue, a terrible blow to a carefree lament, for Hamlet was the father who loved him, and worshipped him almost as an idol, in his father's honor. He embodies the character he yearns for, and the cruise ship creates a fundamental change in his character. The happy prince became a melancholy prince, and his beloved mother hastened to marry the newly crowded Claudius before her funeral shoes were worn out, which strengthened his melancholy and why did Hamlet delay? Naturally, if Hamlet had been Otis Ray, and had heard the ghost's words, he would have broken into the palace with his sword and fought Claudius to death, and there would have been no delay. Hamlet was not Leotis, however. Hamlet was not only honest, but also influenced by new ideas. He did not fully believe in ghosts. For example, after the death of Gonzagau, he said to himself: I see the ghost may be the incarnation of the devil, with a beautiful shape appear Only then did I come to condemn me, to lead me down the path of destruction, and I must first get some more tangible evidence than this. In the performance of the play, he said to horasu before the play, which shows that his doubts are very deep. Before these doubts were dispelled, it was impossible for a man of his mind to act rashly against Claudius. As Hegel said, Hamlet's hesitation is not what he should do, but how he should do it well. Hamlet himself admits that we can often do something unsuccessful for the sake of our deliberate deliberations, on the contrary, when we ride the waves of the moment. He missed too much time by thinking too much. In short, there were moments of frustration in Hamlet's delays, for he wanted not only revenge, but also a combination of revenge and social transformation. When evidence is not conclusive, action can not achieve his goal. But he did not give up his fight against all evil. He gradually understood life in melancholy, and really grasped the social status in the process of procrastination. He was in the melancholy, procrastination stage, is not entirely inactive, but this action did not reach the goal of the high seas. When he found that Claudius had raised his ears vigilantly and deliberately spy on his true thoughts, he promptly and wisely disguised the truth by pretending to be mad, confused each other, and thus saved his life and studied countermeasures. He wore a curtain to kill Claudis, but he killed Pologne J. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm Claudis's crime, but this is not an easy task. On the one hand, Claudius occupies a high position, on the other hand, because Claudius crime secrets, to Hamlet's confirmation has brought great difficulties, and he can neither face-to-face questioning, nor open investigation, can only wait for the opportunity, which requires time, in action is delayed. Thus it can be seen that Hamlet's delay was not due to his weakness and hesitation of character, but to the countermeasures he had to take under the specific circumstances at that time. But Hamlet had not been able to kill Claudius in the past, because he had to prove his guilt, and he had not forgotten revenge during the investigation. Once Claudius's guilt was proved, he did not hesitate to take action, such as assassinating Polonius, without any weakness or hesitation at all. Therefore, Hamlet's procrastination in the process of revenge is not inherently weak and hesitate.

[1]Dan Liu. Selected Readings of English and American Literature.BeiJing. Intellectual Property Publishing House.2004. 刘丹编.英美文学选读.北京. 知识产权出版社.

[2] Encyclopedia of China Foreign Literature.1982.

中国大百科全书：外国文学（1、2两册）.

Introduction 

William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616)[a] was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.[1] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".[2][b] His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays,[c] 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.[3]　Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.[4]

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613.[5][d] His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.　Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry".[6] In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.

Hamlet of Shakespear is a classical representative work. This book certainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with the historical fable, spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for the father, in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies.Just like the dramatis personae Horatio said: " you may hear to to rape massacre, the unusual repair behavior, the dark center decision, accidental slaughter, borrows the hand murder , as well as falls into suicide result." Windingly elects the plot, tightly centers on the revenge to launch. Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father's funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father's funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony, this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father's ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to revenge for the father.To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to Claudius 

Hamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.

Hamlet’s tragedy

Love tragedy

Family love tragedy

Domestic tragedy

Career tragedy

The cause of the tragic ending in Hamlet

3.1.Hamlet's weakness in character

3.2. Social background

三、参考文献

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