ONLINENEWSTRANSLATIONTHEORYANDPRACTICE_开题报告

    In Chinese history, there have been three times of translation climax: Buddhist scripture translation from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty; scientific translation from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and Western Learning translation from the Opium War to the May 4th Movement. Among them, Yan fu's translation theory is the most representative: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Many famous translators(both home and abroad) have appeared since the May 4th Movement, and their translation theories have provided guidance for thousands of translators. If the first three peaks of translation are mainly translated from foreign language into Chinese, this peak of translation plays a significant role in globalization. In particular, during the four decades of China's reform and opening-up, the contribution of translation to the development of China's modernization is unmatched by the three previous peaks of translation.

    Globalization has been defined as "the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life" . The two fundamental features of globalization are the substantial overcoming of spatial barriers and the centrality of knowledge and information, resulting in the increased mobility of people and objects and a heightened contact between different linguistic communities. Thus, globalization is manifested not only in the creation of inter-territorial spaces for finance and banking, commodity production(transnational corporations and international production chains) and global markets, but also in the increased significance of travel and international movements of people(mass tourism,  business travel, migration and exile).  But only translation could make it possible. With the deepening of globalization process, we have entered a brand new era of global information. The "information explosion" and " knowledge explosion" promoted the "global translation explosion". Compared with the previous three times of climax in translation, this time has more information, wider coverage, richer and diversified subject carriers, more flexible and convenient methods, more advanced technical equipment, more employees and more common beneficiaries. Online news translation, which covers the widest range, the largest amount of information and the largest audience, has become one of the main sources of translation activities nowadays. Translation, whether as a cultural phenomenon and ideological activity, or as a profession and a kind of knowledge and skills, is always closely related to the historical background. Especially in today's highly developed network media, translation theories, methods, styles, standards and target languages should keep pace with the Times. However, compared with literary translation, the study of news translation strategies is far from enough. 

   What is news translation? Liu Qizhong thinks: News translation is someone express a kind of written text News (original News, News Language in A) in another Language (target Language, Language B) for dissemination, meanwhile, the target readers (Language B readers) can not only obtain the approximate the same information reported by the primitive journalists, but also can get roughly the same knowledge or enlightenment or literature enjoyment with the primitive News readers (Language readers A). For while the traditional translation studies has tended to focus on debates about the nature of linguistic equivalence, the problems of untranslatability and the complex relationship between language and culture. People keep the notion of translation is a linguistic act that involves the transfer of material from one language into another. But when we look at the ways in which the news is translated shows us that translation is very much more than this. The TRANSLATION IN GLOBLE NEWS says: Information that passes between cultures through news agencies is not only "translated" in the inter-lingual sense, it is reshaped, edited, synthesized and transformed for the consumption of a new set of readers. It would seem that in the global media world, the very definition of translation is challenged and the boundaries of what we might term translation have been recast. 

     In China, the inter-translation of English and Chinese news is the top priority of news translation, because English is the most widely used language in the whole wide world. The dominance of English as a global information language has involved every aspect of our life. English and Chinese news translation involves two professional fields: one is to translate Chinese news into English; The second is to translate English news into Chinese. Because of the linguistic differences between two languages, The applicable translation strategies are different.  

    China's external publicity started late, the foundation is weak. At present, most of the news websites with English versions are dominated by the official media, with a small number and little coverage and influence. In addition, due to the control measures on the Internet, many mainstream western online media and social media have failed to operate in China, which has also reduced the opportunities for China and the world to know each other. So external publicity work has a long way to go.

    Due to the characteristics of online news, it poses new challenges to translators:

1. The timeliness of network news is far beyond the traditional news. The translation work must be carried out under the pressure of time limitation. 

2. Online news comes from a wider range of sources, many of which come from non-mainstream media such as personal social media. 

3. News linguistic diversification. More oral English, slang, argot etc are used.

4. Interactive. The target news readers could respond to the news, and even make supplement to the news. 

Therefore, translators should make innovations on the basis of the translation theories of famous translators from home and abroad. Under this condition, this article explores and analyzes the solutions to the evolution of online news translation. 

Outline

I. Introduction

1. What is online news translation?

2. The significance and importance of online news translation.

3. The difference between online news translation and traditional news translation.

3.1 News timeliness

3.2 News resources

3.3 News linguistic diversification 

II. The present situation in online news translation.

1.1 English- Chinese online news translation.

1.2 Chinese- English online news translation.

III. The modern time Fundamental Translation theories Introduction

1 The typical Chinese translators' theories.

1.1 Yan Fu (严复): faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅) 

1.2 Lu Xun (鲁讯) :  literal translation is preferred to free translation(直译为主，意译为辅), rather fidelity than smoothness(宁信而不顺)

1.3 Fu Lei(傅雷): spiritual resemblance(神似)

1.4 Qian Zhongshu(钱钟书): transformation(化境)

2 The western translators' theories. 

2.1 Linguistic Approaches to Translation

2.2 Functionalist Approaches to Translation

2.3 Descriptive Approaches to Translation

2.4 Cultural Studies Approaches to Translation

2.5 Philosophical Approaches to Translation

2.6 Cognitive Approach to Translation

IV. Online News Translation Theories and practice

1. Online news title translation

1.1 English and Chinese news title comparison

2. Online news lead translation

2.1 English and Chinese news lead comparison

3. Online news body translation

3.1 The differences between Chinese and English news body

3.2 General translation principle

3.3 Special field translation principle

V. Conclusion

III. References

[1]非文学翻译理论与实践， 李长栓 著，中国对外翻译出版有限公司，2012年7月第二版

[2]中西翻译思想比较研究， 刘宓庆 著， 中国对外翻译出版有限公司，2012年7月第二版

[3]翻译研究， 思果 著， 中国对外翻译出版有限公司， 2001年1月 第一版

[4]英汉翻译教程， 张培基、喻云根、李宗杰、彭谟禹 著， 上海外语教育出版社2008年6月第二版

[5]实用翻译教程， 冯庆华 著， 上海外语教育出版社 2010年3月第三版

[6]翻译研究：综合法， （英）Mary Snell-Hornby著（李德超、 朱志瑜 译）外语教学与研究出版社 2006年9月第一版

[7]当代西方翻译理论选读， 马会娟、苗菊 著， 外语教学与研究出版社， 2009年4月第一版

[8] 中西翻译理论简明教程，张政  彭发胜， 清华大学出版社， 2015年5月第一版

[9] 英汉新闻翻译， 刘其中 著， 清华大学出版社， 2009年7月第一版

[10]中国人最易犯的汉译英错误， 王逢鑫 著， 2008年1月第一版

[11]英汉翻译过程中的难译现象处理， 张焱 著， 中国社会科学出版社，2015年4月第一版

[12]汉语报刊超IN新词英译例话， 刘金龙 著， 国防工业出版社， 2011年1月第一版

[13]世界知名报刊杂志深度阅读， 赵海芳 黄玉荣 吴文彦 郑晓蓉 著， 中国宇航出版社， 2012年1月第一版

[14]最新英美报刊选读， 陈仲利 主编，中国人民大学出版社， 2006年1月第一版

[15]美英报刊导读， 周学艺 著， 北京大学出版社， 2010年9月第2版

[16]汉英翻译， 李长栓 施晓菁 著， 外文出版社， 2012年4月第一版

[17]语类、语境与新闻话语， 赵虹 著， 南京大学出版社， 2011年11月第一版

[18]TRANSLATION IN GLOBAL NEWS, Esperanca Beilsa， Susan Bassnett 著，上海外语教育出版社， 2011年3月第一版 

[19]实用汉英电视新闻翻译，王银泉 著，武汉大学出版社， 2009年7月第一版

[20]汉英翻译基础， 陈宏薇 主编， 上海外语教育出版社， 2011年8月第一版

[21]逻辑比较与英汉翻译， 穆凤良 著， 工防工业出版社， 2009年5月第一版

[22] 英汉语比较与翻译， 潘文国 主编， 上海外语教育出版社， 2010年9月第一版

[23] WIKIPEDIA