CuluralFacorsinEnglishTranslaionfromheAspecofLegalDocumens_开题报告

（一）国内研究现状

Due to importance of cultural factors in English translation, a large number of scholars at home have researched on the topic from different aspects, such as legal documents, commercial documents, tourism and so on. People with different cultures have various of understandings in the same thing. In order to understand each other well, it is necessary for people with different cultures to know the differences between two kinds of cultures. 

In Cultural Factors in Translation of Commercial Documents, Yuan Jingli and Zhang Cong (2009) propose three cultural differences: from aspect of recognition, from aspect of number and from aspect of language habit. In the end of the thesis, both of them propose that it is difficult to find the corresponding point between two cultures, so translators should make both cultures as closed as possible. From the perspective of tourism, Huang Liwen(2011) analyzes the characteristics of tourism: practice, comprehensive, interesting and culture. She thinks that translation in tourism is influenced by four factors: religion, history, geography and eating habits. In addition, she gives several suggestions for tourism translators: paying more attention to the connotation in tourism materials, promoting the core competitive of tourism companies and so on. All in all, the author thinks that the influence of cultural factors in different areas should be analyzed first. And then based on different characteristics of various of texts, translators should carry out different translation strategies and translate related terms to specific translation. 

Besides research on the topic from aspect of tourism, commercial documents and others, plenty of scholars at home also research on the topic from the aspect of legal document. In Research on Cultural Factors in Translation of Legal English, Zhang Falian (2009) introduces legal culture, English-Chinese translation and Chinese-English translation. He focuses more on legal terms in translation of legal documents, such as associate justice, brief, information, double jeopardy and so on. In the end of his thesis, he proposes that language reflects culture and is limited by cultural. 

（二）国外研究现状

Illuminated by Gutt (1991), the final goal of translation is its optimal relevance to the source text assumptions are as well as the target cultural context on which the built. This can also be applied to legal English translation. Whenever a translator is conducting the legal English translation, he/she keeps this idea deeply in heart and states the original writer's intended meaning in most way after well integrating the source ostension with the assumed target contexts. The translator firstly seeks to make his/her translation available for the reader to understand the implied meaning without unnecessary effort and secondly, goal of transmitting the most possible contextual effects of the original makes the text to the reader. Zhao (2003) believes that this optimal relevance is capable to make the original writer's intention match the greatly possible way. reader's predication in the most greatly possible way.

Thinking from the aspects of relevance theory, it is a natural idea that translation falls to the scope of language interpretation, that is, translation is meant to retell or what has already been expressed in one into another language. Knowing that legal English translation belongs to a specialized translation, the above idea is also applied to legal English translation: legal English translation is an interpretive use of language. 

    Although the topic of cultural factors in translation of English legal documents have been researched by plenty of scholars and researchers in the past, there are still a large blank area need to be discovered and researched, especially some new internet English words in legal documents. In the research, the author follows the steps of modern legal English documents and research on the old topic from a new perspective. 

二、^范文提纲

1. Introduction

1.1 Research Background

1.2 Significance of Research

1.3 Literature Review at Home and Abroad

2. Characteristics of Legal Documents

2.1 Long Sentence

2.2 Strict

2.3 Old English

2.4 Others

3. Cultural Factors in Translating English Legal Documents

3.1 Different Legal Words in Chinese and English

3.2 Translation of Terms

3.3 Differences between Legal English and Common English

3.4 Others

4. Translation strategies and related examples

4.1 The Theory of Relevance

4.2 Domesticating translation and foreignization translation

4.3 Related Examples

4.3.1 Words

4.3.2 Sentences

4.3.3 Paragraphs

5. Conclusion

5.1 Main ideas of Research

5.2 Limitation of Research

5.3 Future Research

三、参考文献

Millinkoff, D. (1963). The Language of the Law. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and             Company.

Newmark. P (2001). Approaches to Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign           Language Education Press.

Nida, E. A. (2001). Language And Culture-Contexts in Translating. Shanghai:          Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

Sarcevic, S. (1997). New Approach to Legal Translation. Hague: The Hague Kluwer             Law International.

Snell-Hornby, M. (2001). Translation studies: an integrated approach. Shanghai:          Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

陈兴仁.(1998).心智与关联.外语与外语教尝(7):17-19.

陈忠诚.(2000).法苑译潭.北京:中国法制出版社.

王建国.(2009).关联理论与翻译研究.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.

崔永东.(2004).中西法律文化比较.北京:北京大学出版社.

范忠信.(2001).中西法文化的暗合与差异.北京:中国政法大学出版社.

范忠信，陈景良.(2003).中西法律传统.北京:中国政法大学出版社.

郭建中.(2000).文化与翻译.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.

何自然.(1997).语用学与英语学习.上海:上海外语教育出版社.