OnSubileTranslaionFromhePerspeciveofFuncionalTranslaionTheory_开题报告

Nowadays, the film and television industry is developing rapidly, the film and television in the world are flooding our spiritual world, and the film and television in our country are also pushing to the world. Although the development of subtitle translation is very fast due to the deepening of cross-cultural communication, the study of subtitle translation is still limited to the translator's experience. Therefore, the vivid and accurate translation of subtitles is particularly important. . Based on this, the author discusses the translation of film subtitles from the perspective of functional translation theory, and puts forward corresponding translation methods and strategies.

The introduction of diversified translation criteria has led to a trend in translation studies in China, from the pursuit of literary equivalence to the pursuit of stylistic equivalence to the pursuit of the same communicative function. In this sense, the functionalist theory is of great reference and reference value.

In 1971, K. Reiss, the founder of Functionalist translation theory, put forward a new model of translation criticism, namely, "the special purpose of translation behavior". Later, H.J. Vermeer, a student of Rice, put forward Skopostheorie, which laid the theoretical foundation of functionalism. Functional translation theory holds that translation is a complex communicative line, which combines the social background knowledge, communicative needs and expectations of the target readers to determine the specific translation strategies of the text in the specific cultural environment of the target language, without restricting the communicative function of the target text in the cultural environment of the target language.

Subtitles are mainly translated into movies, TV dramas and all video programs or documents with subtitles. From the linguistic point of view, subtitle translation can be divided into intralingual subtitling and interlingual subtitling. The ultimate goal of subtitle translation is to enable the film audience to make use of subtitles to cross language and cultural barriers, understand the meaning of the film, appreciate foreign films and television works, and achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication. In order to achieve this goal, we can flexibly adopt the following strategies when translating movie subtitles: adding or subtracting, translating implied into explicit, domesticating, foreignizing, abbreviating and simplifying.

In a word, subtitle translation under the functionalist translation theory is constrained by the purpose of translation, and the acceptability of the target audience is more important than its faithfulness.

Outline

Title: On Subtitle Translation From the Perspective of Functional Translation Theory

English  Abstract ：

Film and television subtitles are a unique form of text-audio-visual media text. Its main function is to provide certain linguistic information for the audience. Translators should adopt appropriate translation strategies so as to achieve the desired purpose of film and television subtitles translation.

2.1 Definition and development of Functional Translation Theory

Nowadays, the film and television industry is developing rapidly, the film and television in the world are flooding our spiritual world, and the film and television in our country are also pushing to the world. Although the development of subtitle translation is very fast due to the deepening of cross-cultural communication, the study of subtitle translation is still limited to the translator's experience. Therefore, the vivid and accurate translation of subtitles is particularly important. . Based on this, the author discusses the translation of film subtitles from the perspective of functional translation theory, and puts forward corresponding translation methods and strategies.

2.1.1 Introduction to functional translation theory

The German functionalist translation theory [1] has gone through four stages:

The first stage is marked by the book "possibility and limitation of translation criticism" published by LES in 1971. The embryonic form of functional school theory has been established.

In the second stage, Rice's student Fermer founded Skopostheorie, which is the core of German functionalist translation theory.

In the third stage, on the basis of Fermer's Skopostheorie, Jasta Hotz-Mantari draws lessons from the communicative and behavioral theories and puts forward the behavioral theory of translation, which further develops the functionalist translation theory.

In the fourth stage, Nord published Skopostheorie - Analytical Functional Translation Theory in the 1990s, which for the first time integrates all kinds of functionalist academic ideas in English and expounds the complex academic theories and terminology of functionalists. She put forward the principle of "function plus loyalty" to inherit and develop Skopostheorie, which reduced people's criticism of Skopostheorie's utilitarianism to a certain extent and enlarged its influence.

2.2 Principles of Functional Translation Theory

2.2.1 Domestic status 

Nowadays, the number of audiences of translated films is far greater than that of translated literary works, and the influence of subtitle translation on society is never under the influence of literary translation.

2.2.1.1 The introduction of diversified translation criteria has led to a trend in translation studies in China, from the pursuit of literary equivalence to the pursuit of stylistic equivalence to the pursuit of the same communicative function. In this sense, the functionalist theory is of great reference and reference value.

2.2.1.2 Nord's principle of faithfulness breaks the limitation of traditional Chinese faithfulness to the original text, endows the translator with a strong sense of mission and responsibility, and considers the interests of the recipient and the original author more.

2.2.1.3 It awakens discipline consciousness, innovation consciousness and school consciousness in Chinese translation field. The construction of translation discipline has been strengthened, the development of translation theory has been accelerated, and innovative translation talents have been trained.

2.2.2  Foreign status 

In view of the weaknesses of equivalence theory in translation studies, German functionalist translation theory came into being in the late 1970s. It is a school of translation with Skopostheory as its core, emphasizing text and translation functions. Its emergence reflects the overall turn of translation, that is, from linguistics and flanks, which were previously dominant in translation studies. The translation theory of heavy form turns to a more focused translation view of functional and socio-cultural factors.

Functional Skopostheorie aims at translating based on the response of the target text and the target reader, not on the response of the source text and the target reader. It can be said that skopos theory breaks away from traditional translation theory and studies translation from another perspective.

Text type analysis of movie captions and characteristics of subtitle translation

3.1 Text type analysis of movie captions 

According to the text type model proposed by Rice, the founder of Functional Translation Theory, the text can be divided into four categories, and the subtitles of movies and TV plays belong to the fourth type: text with sound as its medium, including all kinds of texts broadcast by movies, radio and television stations, etc.

From the linguistic point of view, subtitle translation can be divided into intralingual subtitling and interlingual subtitling [9]. Intra-lingual subtitle translation does not require the translation of one language into another, but the translation of words into text, thus changing the mode of speech, but the language does not change. Sometimes this subtitle translation is called "Vertical Subtitling Translation". Interlingual subtitle translation is the process of translating the source language into the target language while retaining the original sound and simultaneously overlaying the target language on the screen or at the bottom of the picture. 

3.2  Features of film subtitles 

3.2.1  Instantaneity [11]

The language of the movie and TV play is a sound language, which is fleeting, so it is generally required that the audience can understand it again.

3.2.2 Popularity 

This is determined by the above characteristics of film language. Film and television art is destined to be a popular art from the day of its birth. Apart from a few experimental works, the vast majority of movies and TV plays are for people to enjoy. Therefore, the language of film and TV play must conform to the educational level of the vast audience, and can be understood at the same time. At the same time, this is also related to the immediacy of movie and TV language. The nature, principles and techniques of film and television translation determine that film and television translation must be different from ordinary written language translation. This difference is first reflected in the basic principles of translation.

However, the instantaneity and popularity of film and television translation stipulate that film and television translation must focus on the target language audience and take their language proficiency into consideration. This means that the method of video translation is mainly based on free translation.

3.2.3 Conciseness and colloquialism

Film and television language often appears in the form of character dialogue or inner monologue or narrator, that is, very colloquial. Based on these distinctive features of film and television language, when translating it into another country's language, the translator has to consider the translation of language style so as to make the film audience in other countries fully feel the charm of the film language, otherwise they will lose most of the audience because of the obscurity and affectation of the target language.

 IV  Film subtitle translation strategies

The ultimate goal of subtitle translation is to enable the film audience to make use of subtitles to cross language and cultural barriers, understand the meaning of the film, appreciate foreign films and television works, and achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication.

4.1 Incremental translation / subtraction 

4.2 Turn hints to express 

4.3 Domestication translation strategies 

4.4 Foreignizing translation strategies 

4.5 Abbreviation and simplify translation strategies

V  Conclusion 

To sum up, functionalist translation theory requires translators to follow the principle of Skopos and adopt appropriate translation strategies, means and techniques in order to achieve the purpose of translation. Subtitle translation under the functionalist translation theory is constrained by the purpose of translation, and the acceptability of the target audience is more important than its faithfulness.

VI  References:：

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