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OnChinese-EnglishNumeralIdiomsTranslaion关于汉语成语中数词的英译_开题报告

Ktbg1197 OnChinese-EnglishNumeralIdiomsTranslaion关于汉语成语中数词的英译_开题报告AcknowledgementsChinese AbstractEnglish Abstract1.Introduction1.1.Research Background1.2.Research Object2. Literature Review2.1. The Previous Studies of Chinese-English Numeral Idioms Translation.2.2. The Origin and..
OnChinese-EnglishNumeralIdiomsTranslaion关于汉语成语中数词的英译_开题报告 Ktbg1197  OnChinese-EnglishNumeralIdiomsTranslaion关于汉语成语中数词的英译_开题报告

Acknowledgements
Chinese Abstract
English Abstract
1.Introduction
1.1.Research Background 
1.2.Research Object
2. Literature Review
2.1. The Previous Studies of Chinese-English Numeral Idioms Translation.
2.2. The Origin and History of Chinese Idioms. 
2.3. The Translation Strategies of the Numeral Words in the Chinese Four-word Idioms.
  2.3.1 Use the equivalent English idioms to translate the Chinese four-word idioms.
  2.3.2 Avoid the cultural background and translate the real meaning of the Chinese four-word idioms.
  2.3.3 Find the real meaning of the numeral word in the Chinese four-word idiom and use the proper English word to translate it.
3. Conclusion
References 


















关于汉语成语中数词的英译                     

摘要
成语是语言中经过长期使用、锤炼而形成的固定短语,无论其形式或内涵都是汉语语言精华所在,通常由三字格、四字格或是四字以上的格式构成。含数词的成语在汉语成语中占有举足轻重的地位。对它们英译时需考虑数词的实指与虚指情况及其相应的文化内涵,否则难以比较完整地传达汉语成语的文化内涵。我们认为,无论在普通文体还是科技文体的语篇翻译中,成语中数词的恰当翻译有助于更准确地传达汉语数字成语的外延及内涵意义。当前在口译和笔译领域,关于汉语四字格成语英译方面和英汉互译方面的研究都已比较深入,也取得了不少成就。
英汉两个民族都有着非常悠久的历史和深厚的文化,这也深深地烙印在语言上。成语作为极具特色的语言组织形式承载着语言的精华,在英汉语言中占有非常重要的地位。由于英汉民族在地理环境、历史文化背景、宗教信仰、社会习俗等方面存在着很大不同,从而产生了不同的象征意义,这就使得英汉数字中承载的文化信息不完全对等。
关键词:成语 ; 数词 ; 实指 ; 虚指


On Chinese-English Numeral Idioms Translation
Abstract
Idioms are fixed phrases that are formed with using and polishing in the language in a long time. Its form or connotation is the essence of Chinese language. They usually appear in three-word, four-word or more. The numeral words play an important role in the Chinese idioms. Therefore, when we translate the numeral words in Chinese idioms, we should figure out the meaning and the cultural connotation of them, and find whether they serve as congruent reference or phantom reference; or it is hard for us to convey the cultural connotation of Chinese idioms in a complete way. We believe that it will help us convey the extensive meaning and the connotation of the numeral words in Chinese idioms more accurately using the proper words in English to translate them in the discourse translation of general literary style or science and technology literary style. At present, we have made a great achievement of interpretation and translation on the Chinese-English of four-word Chinese idioms and English-Chinese of English idioms.
However, both English and Chinese have a very long history and profound culture, which are also deeply imprinted in the language. Idioms as a very characteristic language reflect the essence of language, which play a very important role in English and Chinese. As English and Chinese ethnic groups have different geographical environment, history and culture background, religion and custom etc, they have different meanings of the same idiom. Therefore, the numeral words in Chinese idioms and English idioms convey different cultural information because of different culture.

Key words: idioms, numeral words, congruent reference, phantom reference, culture

Introduction

Research Background
In recent years, there is a tendency that the use of four-word becomes more and more frequent, and more and more popular, whether the works are written in Chinese or translated into Chinese. There are two types of four-word. One is the four-word Chinese idioms, and the other one is the common words in four-character structure. In a word, there are three advantages of the four-word Chinese idioms. In terms of content, they are succinct. In the form, they are neat and symmetrical. In the phonetics, they are easy to read and pleasing. Ninety-seven percent of Chinese idioms are four-word which is entirely because of its advantages. At first, many idioms did not use the four-character structure. But with the development of the history, they are becoming simple or complicated towards to the four-character structure. 
What’s more, the four-word Chinese idioms can make an article more wonderful. A translation with a few four-word Chinese idioms can leave readers deep impression that the common two-word phrase, the three-word phrase, the five-word phrase or the six-word cannot do that. Readers can read a translation with cadence, and the ebb and flow, and can enjoy harmonious aesthetic feeling of speech. On the basis of the original text, it should be advocated that we should take advantage of the target language and use four-word Chinese idioms.


Research Object
As many people know, Chinese idioms are succinct, vivid, and more expressive than general words. They are the crystallization of Chinese language and art. And it is a kind of refined language that people like to use. Chinese idioms are stable in structure. Most of them appear in four words, accounting for about 97 percent. The four-word Chinese idioms are more than 10000, including a large number of numeral four-word idioms, which play an important role in politics, literature and art, and science and technology. The use of numeral four-word idioms makes the meaning of idiom more abundant and interesting, and meaningful. However, the number words also have semantic fuzziness, uncertainty and so on. Its meanings are inconsistency and undefined. Therefore, it is difficult to convey accurately the specific connotation of the idioms unless the translator can grasps correctly the ways of expression and pragmatic meaning of the numeral four-word idioms. Due to the differences between eastern and western culture, the way we express ourselves is also different. So we should use the proper way to translate the numerals in the four-word idioms instead of one way. In Chinese-English translation, the processing of Chinese idioms is a problem which cannot be ignored.
   
   
2. Literature Review
   
2.1. The Previous Studies of Chinese-English Numeral Idioms Translation 
    Previous studies of Chinese-English numeral idioms translation have shown that     the English words we use to express the numbers in the Chinese four-word idioms that will be affected by the cultural connotation of numeral words in Chinese idioms. The number words cannot be preserved in the English translation. We can use various ways to express the meanings of the numbers in the four-word Chinese idioms. However, some of them have distinct rules of diction expression while others absolutely have no equivalent words in English. Hence we should figure out the specific meaning of the numbers in the four-word Chinese idioms and find the equivalent words in English before we translate the numbers in Chinese idioms. For example, “一” cannot be directly translated into “one”. Meanwhile, previous studies also have shown that translators must be clear that the numbers in Chinese idioms are as congruent reference or phantom reference before translating them. If they are as congruent reference, we should look into or explore its cryptic culture connotation and realistic significance, and find out whether they are changed or not. If they are as phantom reference, we should not only highlight the specific meaning of the original words but also show the cryptic culture connotation in the process of translation. And we should keep in mind that we cannot mistranslate or skip the words. In addition, we should also take into consideration the cultural background and the language convention of the readers, so that they can understand the words easily. In the meantime, it can help to promote widely Chinese culture.
Even though we still meet lots of difficulties on Chinese-English translation, for the numbers in four-word Chinese idioms are very different from the numbers in English. So we need to do more research on it. 
    
    
2.2. The Origin and History of Chinese Idioms
    
    
2.3. The Translation Strategies of the Numeral Words in the Chinese Four-word Idioms.
  2.3.1 Use the equivalent English idioms to translate the Chinese four-word idioms.
  2.3.2 Avoid the cultural background and translate the real meaning of the Chinese four-word idioms.
  2.3.3 Find the real meaning of the numeral word in the Chinese four-word idiom and use the proper English word to translate it.


3. Conclusion

References

三、参考文献
[1]Eugene Albert Nida. Language, Culture and Translation[M].Shanghai: Shanghai  Foreign Language Education Press. 2003. 
[2]Eugene Albert Nida. Toward a Science of Translating[M].Netherlands. Leiden.1964.
[3]Eugene Albert Nida, Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M].1969.
[4]翁治清.《英汉对比翻译研究》[M].北京:中国书籍出版社,2016 :158-180.
[5]万华.《趋近-汉语熟语英译研究》[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2017. 
[6]冯庆华.《实用翻译教程:英汉互译》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2010:104-123.
[7]李万琴.汉语四字格成语中数词的英译[J].商业故事, 2015(03).
[8]聂崇信.《汉英双解成语词典》[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.
[9]李景韩,李健《汉英习语成语对等词典》[M].北京:中国国际广播出版社,1990.
[10]张禹九,郭著章《汉语成语英译手册(A Handbook of the English Translation of Chinese Idioms)》[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,1980.
[11]孙蕾.《英汉文化与翻译研究》[M].北京:中国书籍出版社.,2014:112-123.
[12]叶晓英. 白瑞丽《英语翻译理论多视角探究》[M].北京:中国书籍出版社.,2017:132-135.
[13]王东风, 《语言学与翻译:概念与方法》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009.


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