AnInerpreaionofTheHoursfromhePerspeciveofFeminism_开题报告

A. Literature Review

Michael Cunningham is a well-known contemporary American writer, and his masterpiece “Every Moment” shows his creative skills and writing ideas from different aspects. The novel inherits Woolf's writing style and describes Woolf as one of the main characters. Cunningham used the Woolf-style stream of consciousness and his three-stage narrative method to write the trauma of several generations of the twentieth century into the lives of three women. The twentieth century has witnessed the great physical and mental trauma of human beings. Whether it is the impact of war, changes in family concepts, or the ever-increasing demand for human freedom, people have experienced various traumas in the process of growth. Cunningham describes Moments, Family Traumas, War Traumas, Illness Traumas, and Emotional Traumas experienced by several characters in the twentieth century, as well as their healing process. “Every Moment” has attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign experts and scholars. They have studied the novel from different angles and integrated existing research papers at home and abroad. The Hours was published in 1998. As the fourth novel of Michael Cunningham, it not only gained wide recognition from many critics, but also received appreciation from the readers because of its sophisticated narrative skills and intriguing plot design. Overseas researches on The Hours weren’t carried on by many critics until the novel was adapted into the Oscar-winning film in 2002. After reading a large amount of domestic and foreign literature, the author of this article conducted a research review. After consulting the literature, we can see that there are mainly two aspects of research, one is to interpret the novel from feminism, and the other is to interpret the content of the novel.

In the first aspect, the literatures studied from the aspects of literary creation techniques and artistic techniques generally have the following aspects. In domestic literature, hen Lin (2007) wrote in the paper that the film "Time and Time" breaks the traditional linear narrative method of the film language and uses the stream of consciousness to connect the fate of three different types of women in space and time. This movie explains the root of female dream m in the image of "gender coexistence" from the perspective of gazing at the female spiritual world. Guo Yuqin (2013) interpreted the novel "Timeless Moment" from the perspective of Queer Theory. Although they live in different times and different regions, the three of them are entangled in intricate heterosexual and non-heterosexual relationships. In terms of gender roles, all three have anti-traditional colors. Zhou Min (2019) through analyzing the character role Laura Brown (Laura Brown), combined with Sigmund Freud ’s psychoanalytic criticism theory, reveals that the character ’s repressed self is affected by others or the outside world. After the stimulation, internalize its influence into his own psychology, thus awakening the awakening of self-awareness, thereby realizing the awakening of self-awareness. Return to self and understand the true truth of life.In foreign research, it was not until 2010 that the research methods of "Hour" showed a diversified trend, such as psychological analysis, narrative theory, queer theory and cultural research. These new methods have a great influence on the interpretation and evaluation of the novel. Taking the psychological point of view as an example, Maureen Sheehan (2004) believes that the psychoanalysis that historically coincides with the emergence of modernism is very important to reveal the novel's protagonist characteristics and significance. In addition, In terms of narrative theory, Hajar Abbasi Narina (2012) analyzes the novel from a postmodern narrative perspective and concludes that Cunningham created a special narrative style that converts women The fate of the protagonist is connected. Based on the gays in the story, Kate Haffey (2010) and Chris Steyaert (2015) try to explain the novel based on the homosexual theory, which Originated from homosexual research and challenged the traditional dichotomy between men and women. For example, Kate Haffey (2010) explained the symbolic meaning of instant kisses to conceptualize queer moments and explore the possibilities of women ’s future .

The second aspect is literature on research from the aspects of feminism and female perspective. The literature in this area is currently the most studied category. There are mainly the following aspects. Gong Lingfei (2011), using feminist theory, analyzes the similarities and differences in feminist perspectives, themes, and writing techniques between “Every Time” and “Mrs. Dalloway”, and studies how Cunningham understands Woolf's “Darrow Feminism in Mrs. Victoria; and inherited and developed a feminist perspective from Woolf and her work, Mrs. Dalloway. Through reinterpretation of the characters, Cunningham expressed his attitude towards the relationship between men and women. By developing Woolf's feminist outlook and the feminist theme of Mrs. Dalloway, Cunningham Moments of Time expresses his post-feminist view that the relationship between men and women should be harmonious rather than antagonistic.Guo Chunling (2014) interprets Michael Cunningham's “All the Time” from a feminist perspective. This article attempts to interpret “Every Moment” from the perspective of feminism. This article discusses how Cunningham highlights the living conditions of the heroines with a sing and sigh , their living conditions are the epitome of all women in the feminist movement. In addition, the author finds that Cunningham favors the concept of bisexuality, and he believes that this concept provides a way to balance individual masculinity and femininity.Xiaoying Ying (2018), she proposed that Michael Cunningham's novel “All the Time” portrays Virginia Woolf, Laura Brown, and Clarissa Vaughn in three different periods, different locations, and different identities Women are connected by a novel, Mrs. Dalloway. In time, it shows us the survival dilemma and the process of realizing self-worth of women in a male-dominated society from the early to the middle of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century. The different experiences of the three women correspond to different stages of the development of female consciousness. Different destinies also show the awakening, resistance and ultimate realization of female consciousness from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century. Hou Qingyuan (2019), based on Susan Lanser's feminist narrative theory, analyzes the construction of female narrative authority in Moments from the perspective of narrative sound, free indirect quotes and shadow plots. The development process of feminist narratology and its research methods are expounded, and the significance of this theory to the construction of female narrative authority in novels is revealed. Taking the narrative voice as the starting point, this paper analyzes how the author uses author-type, individual-type and collective-type voices to build female narrative authority. From the perspective of free indirect quotation, the dual voices of narrator and character in the novel are studied, and it is demonstrated that free indirect quotation can not only strengthen the female narrative authority, but also show irony when the narrator and the character's consciousness are contrary. effect. Utilizing shadow plots from the intersection of female identities, inner and outer shadow plots to build textual internal relationships, thereby shaping female subjective consciousness and strengthening female narrative authority. The full text is based on feminist narratology theory, and through explaining the construction process of female narrative authority in Moments, reveals the dilemma of women's lives and their yearning for freedom and independence, so that readers can clearly feel the author's original humanity and sensitivity. Charm of plastic painting.

B. Outline

1 Introduction

2 Introduction to Michael Cunningham and The Hours

2.1 Introduction to Michael Cunningham

2.2 Introduction to The Hours

3 Feminism

4 Interpretation of Three Female Images in The Hours 

4.1 Revolt against Patriarchy

4.1.1 Virginia’s Revolt against Confinement

4.1.2 Lora’s Self-awareness

4.1.3 Clarissa’s Relief from Imprisonment

4.2 Pursuit of Freedom

4.2.1 Virginia’s Death

4.2.2 Lora’s Escape

4.2.3 Clarissa’s Awakening

5 Conclusion

6 Bibliography

C. References

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