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TheSudyonheDifferencesofAnimalWordsConnoaionsbeweenEnglishandChineseCulure_开题报告

Ktbg2422 TheSudyonheDifferencesofAnimalWordsConnoaionsbeweenEnglishandChineseCulure_开题报告Chinese and English has rich animal words and expressions, but because of environmental and social cultural tradition[], on the one hand, the same animals in two cultures express different cultural signifi..

TheSudyonheDifferencesofAnimalWordsConnoaionsbeweenEnglishandChineseCulure_开题报告 Ktbg2422 TheSudyonheDifferencesofAnimalWordsConnoaionsbeweenEnglishandChineseCulure_开题报告

Chinese and English has rich animal words and expressions, but because of environmental and social cultural tradition[], on the one hand, the same animals in two cultures express different cultural significance, on the other hand, different animals in two cultures express the same cultural meaning, thus formed the differences on animal words connotations between English and Chinese Culture.

1 The Previous Studies On Animal words Connotations

Metaphor is not merely a form of language but also a way of thinking. Human beings, consciously or unconsciously, connect some qualities of animals with human characteristics, combine animals with themselves, and create a series of related expressions in terms of metaphor. In the l990s, with the development of cognitive researches on metaphor in the West, many Chinese scholars began to pay attention to this theory. From then on, Chinese scholars have conducted a lot of investigations on metaphor and plenty of works come out.

At the beginning or 20 century, Riegler[] (1907) studied wild animal names and frequently-used proverbs with animal terms. However, most of these animal expressions are not used any more. Whaley and Antonelly (1983)[] examined that animal metaphors can reveal male-female relations. O Donnell investigated the productive figurative meanings of animal metaphor in different languages. Cabanillas and Martinez[] (2006) studied domestic fowl metaphor in English and the reasons causing word loss.

Sun Yi and GAO Ya-li(2013)[] compares metaphorical images of twelve symbolic animals between Chinese and English to explain cognitive commonness and discrepancies in the understanding of the same animal from the perspectives of embodied philosophy and cultural divergences.Liao Guan-grong[] (2000) works on animal and cultural relations, makes a comprehensive contrast between culture-loaded animal terms between Chinese and English. He believes that as a result of various cultural backgrounds and traditions, many Chinese and English culture-loaded animal words differ a lot. Tan Ying[] (2000) analyses different cultural connotations of animal words and concludes the relationships between animal terms and cultural values in Chinese.and English. Zhou Cui-ying[](2006) investigates the culture-loaded meanings of Chinese animal expressions, claims that the cultural connotations of animal expressions keep changing over time. Wei Sen[] (2003), who makes similar studies, thinks that different cultural connotations of animal words between Chinese and English lie in different living environments, customs and habits, religion and values.Yang Yuan-gang[] (2003) compares phrases and idioms related to horse and bull in Chinese and English. By listing examples，he lists some correspondent translation strategies in order to avoid culture misunderstandings.There are also works on animal metaphors in literature. Li Qiao-hui[] (2004) makes studies on animal characterization in Tomas Hardy's novels.Liu Gui-hua[] (2003) illustrates the usages of the metaphorical and symbolical meanings of nouns, idioms and phrases about some animals in Chinese and English languages.lt especially explains the human beings’ characteristics by describing the animals metaphorically in Chinese and English languages. Yuan Xiang-yu(2015)[] choose the core animal words in Swadesh list as the research object, such as “fish”， “bird”，“dog”，“snake”，“worm”. Core words are often used in people's daily life, is closely related to human beings.

2 A Critical Review of Previous Animal words Connotations Studies

In the previous animal metaphor studies try to study metaphor as a speech act in a much wider linguistic context. Lakoff and Johnson provide us with a cognitive view of contemporary metaphor theory and their original works not only open a new perspective for metaphor researches but also provide the theoretical foundation for later empirical investigations. Similarly, animal metaphor has been studied by scholars for a long period both in the West and in China and their researches are very essential.

Some works try to explore the lexicon changes of animal metaphor in different languages such as English, German, Spanish and French. And some researches, according to Lakoif and Johnson's cognitive linguistics theories, pay much attention to certain kinds of animals such as fowls and female animals to reflect human relations. While most previous works on animal terms in China are written for intercultural communication and translation, which are very instructive for cross-cultural communication.

The weaknesses of previous researches lie in the following three aspects. Firstly, most of the works on animal and culture relations are short of theoretical support. They are supported by collected data rather than linguistic theories. Secondly, in some of the previous works, they find out some problems causing misunderstandings of animal terms in Chinese and English and provide correspondent solutions to avoid cultural shock. However, they do not explain the working mechanism of animal metaphor reasonably. Thirdly, some articles concerning animal metaphor from cultural and cognitive perspectives only list simple cultural phenomena between Chinese and English. Though some scholars add the cognitive way to culture, they fail to use the cognitive approach in the study of animal metaphor in different languages. They just explore how animals as a source domain being mapped onto other target domains from a cognitive perspective.

In people’s daily life, they often have some difficulties in understanding some animal metaphors in different cultures. To have a better understanding, it is necessary to study the process of understanding animal metaphor systematically.

Outline

1. Introduction

2. The overview of animal words

3. The comparison of cultural connotation of some animal words

3.1 Same animal images with different meanings

3.2 Different animal images with similar meanings

3.3 Void of cultural connotation in different languages

4 The reasons for the differences

4.1 Differences in ways of thinking

4.2 Differences in aesthetic standard

4.3 Differences in natural environment and social conventions

5. Conclusion

6. References

References

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