TheHandlingofCuluralElemensinheTranslaionofTourismMaerials_开题报告

一、文献综述

Some initial resources the writer wants to use in my literature review include:

In the book On Translation, Nida, Eugene proposed the theory—“functional equivalence ”, which means that target language receptors must know the original language culture，and understand the context of the text and they should also be able to appreciate some of the impact and appeal. According to this theory, it gives an important new dimension in tourism materials translating. The relation of the target language readers to the target language text should be roughly equivalent to the relationship between the original receptors and text. For translation of tourism materials in English versions make the readers in target language almost have the same or similar feeling as the readers in the source language, it is a success of translation. Translation of tourism materials should consider the cultural differences between two kinds of readers. 

In the book Translating As A Purposeful Activity –Functionalist Approaches Explained, Christiane Nord puts its “function plus loyalty” theory that stands on two pillars: function plus loyalty (Nord, 2001, 96). It is precisely the combination of the two principles that matters, even though there may be cases where they seem to contradict each other. Function refers to the factors that make a target text work in the intended way in the target situation. Loyalty refers to the interpersonal relationship between the translator, the source-text sender, the target-text addressees and the initiator. Loyalty limits the range of justifiable target-text functions for one particular source text and raises the need for a negotiation of the translation assignment between translators and their clients. Firstly, translation of tourism materials should translate the resource text faithfully. At the same time, the interpreter should use some corresponding translation methods to present the right meaning and culture about the tourism materials. 

Hans J. Vermeer in his book Skopos and Commission in Translational Action states that the viability of the brief depends on the circumstances of the target culture, not on the source culture. This concept does not allow us to speak of the meaning of the source text being transferred to the target receivers. Guided by the translation brief, the translator selects certain items form the source-language offer of information (originally meant for source-culture addresses) and processes them in order to form a new offer of information in the target language, form which the  target-culture addressees can in turn select what they consider to be meaningful in their own situation. Therefore, the translation of tourism materials should consider the cultural differences between the two languages.

In the book A Textbook of Translation, Newmark states that there are three kinds of texts, expressive text, the informative text and the vocative text, and different text has different meaning and function. Translation of tourism materials belongs to informative text and vocative text. Therefore, the translator should not only introduce the effective information, background, history and culture about the tourist attractions but also attract visitors’ attention. So, the translator should know and handle the cultural differences between two languages and use translation methods well.    

Chen Hongwei in Essential Translation from Chinese into English states that the purpose and function of translation of tourism materials are to strengthen readers’ attraction and entertainment readers’ thinking. So translators should pay more attention to the following factors: informative function, aesthetic function and imperative function. Translators can’t translate tourism materials word by word and sentence by sentence.

In the thesis The C-E Translation of Cultural Elements in Tourist Publicity Materials-A Functionalist Perspective, the author He Shan makes a systematic study on the translation of Chinese tourist publicity materials from a cultural perspective. The author lists some difficulties in the translation and emphasize that translators should follow the functionalist theories and the text typology theory of Newmark. As the informative text and vocative text, the major function of tourist materials is to deliver the information and attract visitors’ attention. Following this purpose, translator can adopt many kinds of methods and strategies with a maximum freedom and thus achieve the expected effect of translation.

In Journal of Wu Han Institute of Technology, The Handling of Cultural Elements in the Translation of Tourism, Zhu Lili states that the purpose of translation of tourist materials is not only to survey the language meaning of source text, but also to make the readers understand its culture meanings profoundly. In order to handle the cultural differences well, the interpreter can use the theory “functional equivalence”, “domestication method” and “alienation method”.

Qian Nina and Xu Qiubo in Journal of Shandong University, says that Vermeer’s “Skopos” heory makes a important guiding significance for the translation of tourism materials, and provides a good visual angle for us who are discussing the principles and strategies of translation of tourist materials. In order to improve the level of translation, the author emphasizes using the Skopos theory to interpret tourism materials.

In a word, different researches had different opinions. They analyzed different perspectives, but all of them gave the author fruitful materials.

二、^范文提纲

Introduction

Chapter One Tourism Materials and Translation of Tourism Materials  

1.1 Classifications of Tourism Materials

1.2 Major Functions of Tourism Materials

1.3 Translation of Tourism Materials

Chapter Two Cultural Differences Manifested in Tourism Materials

2.1 Differences in Psychology Motivations

2.2 Differences in Religious Beliefs

2.3 Differences in Aesthetics

Chapter Three Translation Methods for Handling the Cultural Elements in Tourism Materials

3.1 Amplification

3.2 Omission

3.3 Analogy

Conclusion

三、参考文献

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