SocieyandCulureinhe1920s-anAnalysisBasedonheGreaGasby_开题报告

In the spring of 1922, writer Nick was hopeful to leave his hometown and came to New York, a new city with the gold rush. Although jazz is popular here and stocks are soaring, the rich and the poor are polarized, and people are indulging in the drunkenness. In order to pursue the American dream, Nick abandoned writing and entered the securities market, and moved into the bay near New York to become a neighbor of the mysterious wealthy Gatsby. On the other side of the bay, Nick's cousin Daisy and her aristocratic husband Tom, Nick was not only invited to the feast, but Tom also took him to find a mistress to find love, Nick gradually lost in this charming, and rich man-made In the world of illusions, love and lies.

But only Gatsby is the most special. He is the only one who makes Nick feel hopeful in this lost city. Nick was invited to participate in the feast of the Gatsby mansion, and also discovered the secret of Gatsby’s heart. He had always loved Daisy, even though she did not wait for him to return after the war and instead married the rich Tom, Gatsby. I have always believed that their love is unswerving. As a witness to Gatsby’s love with Daisy, Nick finally saw the illusory feelings of this high society after Gatsby’s murder, and determined to stay away from the hustle and bustle, the false metropolis, and return to his hometown... ...

The great Gatsby author, American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota. Father is a furniture dealer. He tried to write the script when he was young. After completing high school, he was admitted to Princeton University. At the time of school, he once organized a troupe and wrote a manuscript for the literary publications on campus. After the poor health, he dropped out of school. He joined the army in 1917 and was busy with military training all the time. He did not go abroad to fight. Amateur writing after retiring. In 1920, he published the novel "Paradise on Earth", which became famous from the world. After the publication of the novel, he married Jilda. After marriage, he lived in Paris with his wife and met many American writers such as Anderson and Hemingway.

The publication of The Great Gatsby in 1925 laid the foundation for his position in the history of modern American literature. He became a spokesperson for the "Jazz Age" in the 1920s and one of the representative writers of the "Confused Generation."

Fitzgerald not only writes long novels, but also short stories. In addition to the above two works, the main works are "Tenderness of the Night" (1934) and "The Love of the Last Tycoon" (1941). His novel vividly reflects the demise of the "American Dream" of the 1920s and shows the spirit of the "eracracy era" of the American upper class during the Great Depression.

三、The Great Gatsby research status

（一）Foreign reserch status

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) is one of the most outstanding writers in American culture and literary history in the twentieth century. Although his creative career is not long, the domestic and international critics have highly praised Fitzgerald's works. He left four classic novels and more than one hundred short stories for readers. Fiction.

After the baptism of the two world wars, the baptism of the gunfire and the post-war economic depression, the Americans of the 1940s and 1950s began to have deep doubts about the social form and moral standards of the United States at that time. The disaster brought about by the war has produced a sense of national guilt, which has caused a strong memory of the culture and life of the 1920s. It has been found that in Fitzgerald's works, they can best satisfy their strong sense of nostalgia, because his works profoundly reflect the social form and cultural characteristics of the United States in this particular historical period of the 1920s. Thus, a massive "Fitzgerald Revival" swept the entire United States. All of these research results make Fitzgerald's research more comprehensive, in-depth and mature, mainly in the following aspects:

1. In-depth study of Fitzgerald's life, there have been many influential biographies in this regard. These biographies reflect the life of Fitzgerald and his artistic creation from many angles. The famous Fitzgerald researcher Matthew J. Brooklyn's "Epic Magnificent: Fitzgerald's Life" has been hailed as the best of Fitzgerald's biography. The book "F. Scott Fitzgerald" by Mary Joe Tate is a comprehensive, informative and concise reference book that is very useful.

2. In-depth study of its classic novels, such as "The Great Gatsby" and "Tenderness of the Night". Ronald Berman's "The Great Gatsby" and Fitzgerald's Ideological World comment on "The Great Gatsby" with the first-hand historical documents of the 1920s, analyzing Gatsby's thoughts The theological concept in the discussion of the consumption culture of capitalism and the process of the material world affecting the creation, language and imagery of the novel. Matthew J. Brooklyn and Judith S. Bowman's "F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Tenderness of the Night" Reader's Guide" introduces the background and process of "Twilight Night". The process of editing, publishing, and being accepted by the reader is a must-have tool for studying the work of the department.

3. The focus of attention is not only on classic novels and novels, but also the previously overlooked short stories have gradually entered people's horizons. The current Fitzgerald Institute President Jackson R. Blair's "F. Scott Fitzgerald Research New Vision". Twenty-one new papers are included in the book, four of which are memoirs, nine about novels, seven about short stories and essays, and one about literary traditions. These articles explore Fitzgerald's works from a variety of angles, including works that have been overlooked in the past, such as "Paradise on Earth," "Beautiful House," "The Last Gentle Love". Early works, "Pirates Offshore" and "Head and Shoulders", etc., made a special comment.

4. Breaking old research methods and ideas, there are new and deep research ideas. According to the Romanian scholar Virgil Mihayo, "Between the Jazz Age and Postmodernism: F. Scott Fitzgerald", from the "reversal of music aesthetics", the use of segmentation, pronunciation Etc. Jazz terminology to analyze the relationship between Fitzgerald and postmodernism. The concept of women is also a topic widely studied by scholars in various countries in recent years. For example, Lina Sanderson's Women in Fitzgerald's Novels analyzes the fashionable girls in Fitzgerald's works, and the image of the girls in these works became a cultural icon at the time.

5. Revise and supplement the research literature published in the past. A. Robert Lee wrote in his preface to the published collection of Fitzgerald: Commitment to Life: "This collection provides a new round of Fitzgerald research articles."

6. Concerns about the literary and art circles and the readership. Only "The Great Gatsby" has appeared in the movie history of Hollywood in four versions of the film of the same name: In 1926, Gatsby, starring Oscar-winning Werner Baxter, was the earliest and only silent version. Lost, leaving only a trailer of no more than 2 minutes; in 1949, the version starring Alan Leit was the earliest surviving "Great Gatsby", but the box office and word of mouth failed; so far the most famous The adaptation of the film was taken in 1974. The film was starred by Robert Redford and Mia Farrow, the most popular actors of the year. Francis Ford Coppola served as a screenwriter and eventually won the Oscar for best clothing. Best Actress Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress; 2000 TV movie "The Great Gatsby", starring Toby Stevens and Oscar winner Mila Sovino, but the response is flat .

Foreign research on Fitzgerald can be said to be from the enthusiasm of the 1920s to the forgotten in the 1930s and 1940s, to the recovery of the 1950s, the climax of the 1980s, and the expansion of the 1990s until now. Fitzgerald and his works are still relished by foreign readers and provide useful references and inspiration for Fitzgerald research in the country.

（二）Research state in China

"The Great Gatsby" is a classic literary work. It is like a mirror reflecting the various faces of people on the road to the so-called success. The irony of the work has become a major artistic feature of the work.

I. The satirical object of The Great Gatsby

In the process of satirical, in the work "Great Gatsby", the author mainly satirizes in the following three directions, for example, the irony of American society, the irony of American dreams, and the irony of love. details as follows:

First of all, the irony of American society. All along, the United States has become a country with a highly developed democracy. Everyone is full of the light of justice and can consciously abide by law and morality. But in the work "The Great Gatsby", the author presents us with another real picture of the United States. On the one hand, when American capitalists live in a feminine life, on the other hand, the American laborers are unemployed. Displaced and live a bleak life. This is the so-called wealth and prosperity of the United States. But behind the prosperity are dirty transactions, as well as humanity's loss and fraud. Through this work, the author tells us that capitalist society is not a paradise, and it is full of devils. The irony of society is the main object of the satire of The Great Gatsby.

Second, the irony of the American dream. All along, the American dream is the main force that boosts the rise of the American middle class. Under the inspiration of dreams, a large number of aspiring young people with dreams have joined the army of gold rushing. Some people have succeeded, but more people have failed. In the work of The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is one of the few successful, but is he really successful? Although he lived in a luxury villa, he had a swimming pool at home, a luxury sports car, and a group of servants, but the spiritual emptiness made him suffer forever. After his girlfriend drunk and killed a passerby, in the early morning, he was shot by his passerby's husband at his swimming pool, life was over, and all American dreams ended. As the Buddha said, "color is empty, fame and fortune is also empty." The American dream described by the author is nothing but nothing. Therefore, the author satirizes this fake American dream and regards it as a spiritual opium. When faced with dreams, we are more of a rational rather than blind impulse and worship. Sometimes, it is just as important to step on the ground and look up at the stars.

Finally, the irony of love. The young Gatsby has a wonderful embarrassment for love. When he had nothing, he hoped that he would be able to hold the beauty one day, but when he finally became a rich man, he suddenly found himself close to the woman, but far from love. In order to please his woman's favor, he is filled with white roses in the woman's living room. Even when a woman hits an accident, he still sins for him. The love that Gatsby believes brings him is not happiness, but It is a bad luck. It is not so much that Gatsby died in love, it is better to say that he died in his own love fantasy, love is very good, once love is wrong, love is a bowl of poison, let you drink and quench your thirst, let you stop. The author satirizes this false love. Gatsby is great, but in the world of love, he is still so simple, so kind, so stupid. Through the experience of Gatsby, the author tells us that we must always believe in love, but we must also believe in our own eyes. On the one hand, we must follow the feelings, on the other hand, we must take rational hands. In short, in the work "The Great Gatsby", the author satirizes the hypocrisy of American society, the falsehood of the American dream, and the vanity of the so-called good love. This kind of satire is typically representative, because his ironic phenomenon not only appears in the United States, but can also be found in every corner of the world. Therefore, how to get richer and more profound thinking from this kind of satire is the value of the reality level in the work of The Great Gatsby.

Second, the era enlightenment of the "Great Gatsby" works

The reason why a great work can be passed down is not only because of its twists and turns, but also because of the vividness of the characters, and more because of the ideas contained in his works.

First of all, "The Great Gatsby" tells us a truth. On the road to success, we should uphold the principle of honesty and kindness. The old Chinese saying "be careful to make the ship of the year", a person can turn over in the gutter often not The wind is big, but because I don't pay attention to my behavior in my daily life, I have left many hidden dangers. Gatsby is such an example. He has accumulated a lot of wealth through smuggling gold through smuggling gold through unscrupulous competition. His wealth is not a symbol of honor, but a dirty portrayal. His final ending also told us that "to come out and mix, sooner or later, it is necessary to return."

Second, the pursuit of material is as important as the pursuit of spirit. Some people say that "meal is to live, but people are alive but not just for eating." Therefore, while people are striving to obtain material wealth, the importance of spiritual wealth should not be ignored. The illusion and depravity of Gatsby in the novel is on a large scale because after he has satisfied his material life, he only pays attention to the sensory needs of the dog and the horse, while ignoring the satisfaction of the inner spiritual needs. He has many partners, but he has no friends. He has many women, but he has no love. Gatsby's spiritual garden is ridiculous, facing the spiritual desert, he can't walk out of the oasis of life. Therefore, in contemporary society, we should not only strive to pursue and realize the freedom of material wealth, but also actively create our own spiritual sky. People ultimately need spirit.

Finally, establish a scientific view of love. "The Great Gatsby" is not a big deal. Although he can make a lot of money, he can't win the heart of a woman. Although he is in the wind, the women who can accompany him are differently motivated. Therefore, Gatsby is the loser of love, he lost to love, but also died in love. But we should know that there must be something more important than love in this world, for example, family, friendship and so on. If a person blindly falls into the torrent of love but does not have the ability to swim, he should first climb ashore and get a good idea of ​​what kind of love he wants. It’s not a snowy month, it’s not a love of love, it’s not a shocking ghost, but a steady happiness. This kind of rational love view has a clearer direction for today's love life. Whether it is Gatsby's business experience or Gatsby's emotional experience, the author shows us a different American dream in a very detailed language, which is cruel but real. There is no such Gatsby in every era, and Gatsby’s tragedy is everywhere in our lives. Therefore, how to make Gatsby’s tragedy no longer happen, we need to get more from Gatsby’s experience. Revelation and inspiration. In short, the satirical connotation of The Great Gatsby is very rich. With the deepening of the interpretation of this work, its ironic ideological, artistic and inspiring will also undergo more diversified and three-dimensional changes.

四、The great Gatsby reflects the culture of the 1920s

In the 1920s, people thought that with unremitting efforts, even if they were born in poverty and low status, they would succeed one day. This is the "American dream" of that era.

The United States in the 1920s was a country full of opportunities, but all those major opportunities seemed to be linked to illegal transactions, such as the sale of private liquor. It is blunt to say that it was difficult to rely on honest labor in that era. Get rich. Although it is impossible to think across all the wealth of the wealthy Americans from illegal activities, at least Gatsby is consistent with this feature. Violation of morality and integrity in order to obtain wealth is the source of his enormous wealth.

The car played an important role in the United States in the 1920s, and it was also closely related to the fate and fate of several characters in this book. In the era of fiction, the car as an emerging technology product has just been introduced into the new rich life of the United States. For the rich people in the book "The Great Gatsby", the car is more than just a means of transportation. . It is also a symbol of social status. Just like Gatsby's various luxury parties, cars are also popular with the rich, and they are a tool for flaunting their personal wealth. For example, Gatsby has his own luxury car, but he also owns a station wagon and an expensive Rolls-Royce. In the eyes of these rich people, the design of the car is far more important than its practicality. When Fitzgerald described Gatsby's Rolls Royce, he used the slogan of the time. "This car is milky yellow, the nickel-plated place is shiny, and the extremely long body lines are very beautiful. There are a cloak box, a food box and a toolbox in the car. The layers of windshield reflect more than a dozen suns.” The appearance of this car shows Gatsby’s arrogant character and he does not have a car. Seen as a means of transportation, it is positioned as an expensive and unique commodity, just like his mansion, Chinese clothes and so on.

The consumerism and materialism thoughts of the American society in the 1920s have deepened the contradictions between the rich and the poor, and at the same time caused people to have a vague concept of the relationship between money and happiness.

Progressive societies and civilizations can create wealth, but a society with moral decay can also destroy wealth. The United States in the 1920s was an era in which various cultural and social activities blended into conflicts. Some of the negative thoughts that emerged from this can not be ignored. The social view of materialism and money supremacy will eventually destroy all the beautiful dreams of people.Therefore, I feel that "culture in the 1920s" is a direction worth studying.

Thesis proposals

1. The background of the 1920s

1.1 American 1920s era background

1.2 The period of American social and cultural change

1.3 American cultural diversity

2. The American Society of 1920s and Culture Reflected in The Great Gatsby

2.1 Hedonism prevails

2.2 Changes in the concept of marriage

2.3 The United States Prohibition Order in the 1920s

2.4 Regional development imbalance

2.5 Social status - old rich and upstart

2.6 Women's Liberation

3. The Great Gatsby's Enlightenment to the World

3.1 The negative impact of consumer culture

3.2 The tragedy of the ideal

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