翻译（翻译的重要性）CulureDifferencesandTranslaion_开题报告

1.开题报告主要内容包括：封面、文献综述、^范文提纲（需提供二级提纲）、参考文献（10篇以上）。 

2.字体：宋体，字号：小四，行间距：18磅。字数2000字以上。 （英语专业要求字体为：Times New Roman，英文书写，900个英语单词以上） 

3.开题报告格式规范参考如下：

二、^范文提纲 案例：

1.Introduction

1.1.Research Background 

1.2.Research Object

2. Literature Review

2.1. Great Changes on studies of scenic spots text translation from Chinese into English.

2.2. The Previous Studies of culture and translation

2.3. The Use of Cultural Manipulation Theory in cross-cultural Translation of scenic spots texts.

3. Silk and Culture

3.1.the origin and history of silk 

3.2.rhe manufacture of silk 

3.3.Silk Road 

4. Sample analysis of “China Silk Museum” scenic spot text 

4.1 Characteristically skills and techniques 

4.2 Manipulation of the Samples

5.Conclusion

1.Introduction

1.1. Background: Cultural differences between Chinese and Western countries have always been one of the important topics of linguistic research. These differences have profoundly affected all aspects of people's lives. Translation is one of these activities that is deeply affected by the cultural differences between Chinese and Western countries. Translation involves not only the target language, but also the source language, so in addition to mastering these two languages, the translator must also understand the culture of the two countries. Therefore, more and more researchers are focusing on the cultural differences between China and the West.

Theme: This study will analyze the impact of the differences between Chinese and Western cultures from the following three aspects: the main differences between Chinese and Western cultures, the source of Chinese and Western cultural differences, and the strategies used in translation to deal with cultural differences. This research will be very important for translators to improve their translation skills. In addition, this study will also provide researchers with some enlightenment on cultural and translation studies.

Thesis system and structure:In order to analyze the cultural differences between China and the West, this article will be divided into five parts to introduce: The first part is a comprehensive introduction to this study. The second part is an introduction to cultural differences between China and the West and translation. In the third part, the author will introduce the factors that affect the cultural differences between China and the West, including geographical environment, history, religion and values of life. The fourth part will introduce the strategies adopted in translation to avoid misunderstandings due to cultural differences, including foreignization, domestication, compromise and free translation and annotation methods. In this order, the author will gradually analyze the impact of cultural differences on translation.

2. Literature Review

[1] Eugene A. Nida:《 Language, Culture, and Translating》, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.

[2] Roman Jakobson:《 on Linguistic Aspects of Translation》,1959.

[3] CatfordJ. C:《A Linguistic Theory of Translation》, Oxford University Press, 1965.

[4]《Cultural Differences and Translation Equivalence》 ，Journal of J inzhong TeachersCollege, 2002

[5] John Lyons: 《Language and Linguistics 》, Cambridge University Press, 1981.

[6] Fu Mengyuan:《The Semantic Zero Caused By different Culture In Translation》, Journal of Ji' an TeachersCollege ( Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2000

[7] Liu Jinding:《Translation of Chinese and English Idioms》, Journal of WUDANG(Social Science), 1995

[8] He Xiaorong:《Use of Chinese 4-character Expressions 》， Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(SocialScience), 2002

[9] Yuan Lifang:《Colorful English Color Word》， Jourmal of Yili Education College, 2001.

[10] Luan Xiaohong:《文 化差异和语言翻译》, Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2001.

[11]刘全福.批评法在翻译教学中的应用.中国翻译.1996 (5): 27.

[12]陈宏薇:《新实用汉译英教程》武汉，湖北教育出版社, 1996.

[13] 郭建中:《文化与翻译》,中国对外翻译出版社, 2004.

[14] Baker. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[M]. London and New Routledge, 2001.Foreign

[15] Eugene A. Nida. Language, Culture and Translating [M]. Shanghai: ShanghaiLanguage Education Press, 1993, 116- 130.[16] Nida. Theories of Translation[J].., 1989.Northeast

[17] Ren Qiang. Some Considerations on Functional Equivalence [J]. Journal of Agricultural University(Social Science Edition), 2004, (01):33-35[18]Shuttleworth&Cowie.Dictionary of Translation Studies[Z].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing, 1997.19] Venuti. The Translator's Invisibility[M]. London: Routledge, 1995.University Press, 2009, 210-217

[20] Yang Jianhua. Excerpts from Translation Studies in the West [M]. Tianjin

1 Introduction  

1.1 Research background

1.2 Research significance

2. Literature review

2.1 Research on cultural differences between China and the West

2.2 Research on the difficulties of translation

2.3 Summary

3. The causes of cultural differences between China and the West

3.1 Geographical environment

3.1.1 West-Linhai

3.1.2 China: Land-based

3.2 History

3.2.1 Capitalist influence

3.2.2 Feudal influence

3.3 Religion

3.3.1 Christianity.

3.3.2 Buddhism

3.4 Values and outlook on life

3.4.1 Individualism

3.4.2 Collectivism

4. Translation strategies under cultural diversity

4.1 Alienation method

4.2 Naturalization method

4.3 The compromise method

4.4 Comment on objections

5 Conclusion