OnTranslaionSraegiesofCharerParyTermsinInernaionalShippingandTrade_开题报告

                           Literature Review

As one of the most important legal document during international shipping and trade

activities, charter contract is drawing increasing attention of researchers and scholars for business English translation. During the practice of international shipping and trade, the language for charter party terms in the contract is developed into a unique and specific system. Therefore, the translation of charter party terms should be treated as an independent system too. Overviewing the recent studies and current status, followings are the found and known strategies for precise translation of charter party terms in international shipping and trade:

Domestic scholars like Xia yong [7](2010) and Chen jianping [4](2004) believe that the language traits in business contract of international trade could be represented by its repetition, formality, synonyms and old English words. The characteristics of contract terms are embodied by its constant use of short sentence, the strict words and the active voice and future tense. The language of charter party term is always strict and precise. Nonetheless, in order to avoid possible mistakes during the translation of charter party terms, multiple strategies and skills should be taken to improve the quality of translations.

First strategy of translation is conversion. This strategy requires double mastery of English and Chinese so that translator can naturally replace the counterpart word in one language with another. During the practice of this strategy, vocabulary is as important as the organic combination with context and business environment. Second strategy of translating Charter Party Terms is sequence. By taking this strategy, the translator can sort the order of target language according to the source language to assure a smooth transition. Thirdly, Backformation. On the contrary of the second strategy, Backformation changes the order of words in source language due to the different nature of English and Chinese. The last one is division, which means the long sentences of English could be divided into different short sentences so that the translated Charter Party terms can fit the reading habits of Chinese.

The Utilization of above translation strategies should not be isolated nor disconnected. Strategies could be used simultaneously and altogether. On the other hand, context, maritime law and environment of international shipping and trade should always be taken into consideration.

                               Contents

1 Charter Party Terms 

2 Language Features of Charter Party Terms 

  2.1 Conversion

  2.2 Sequential Method

  2.3 Backformation

  2.4 Division

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