简析《德伯家的苔丝》中的男权主义-开题报告

Since the novel was published in 1891, critics have used many different theories on novel to do a lot of interpretation ,and the most of the criticism and interpretation is on “to explore the cause of Tess’s tragedy”. Some of the critics thought it is her personality ,some thought it should be attributed to the dualism of the Victorian moral standards ,and some thought the reason is the dominance of patriarchal society at that time.

The Soviet literary critic Anikst said: "the real reason for the destruction of Tess is the nature of reality. The heroine's poverty, independence, and the social conditions at that time, all decide the woman's tragic fate ."

Hooti Noorbakhsh, an associate professor of English Literature at Razi University ,he presented his work "The Apprehensive and Suppressed Soul of the Fallen Woman in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D'Urbervilles" at Theory and Practice in Language Studies in 2011(6):630-634 ,he said Tess is the victim of Victorian patriarchal society and the injustice of social law .This Study revealed Tess's tragedy is caused from biased social norms, the unjust laws, the rotten ethics and the malicious morality standards .

Niu Min, the Chinese scholar, published his opinion at Journal of Guizhou University for Ethnic Minorities(Philosophy and Social Sciences) in 2007(03), in his work ,”study the west women's status in the patriarchal culture from Tess of the D’Urbervilles”, he analyzed Tess from the woman’s status, revealed the women living conditions under the oppression in the traditional patriarchal forces .

Zu Qiang and Zhou Chun , the Chinese scholars, published their study at Journal of Wuyi University(Social Science Edition) in 2007(02) , “Developed countries present situation of women's status and its experience for reference” ,this study analyzes the current women’s status in western countries from the employment rate, level of education and participation in political decision-making .

Wang Yan published his opinion at Journal of Bohai University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition) in 2010(03), in his work ,“The victim of Victorian times moral – the feminism in Tess of the D’Urbervilles” , it analyzes the reason of Tess’s fate after losing chastity, revealed the women’s life is influenced by the moral in the Victorian times obviously .

Li Sufen published his work at Masterpieces Review in 2013 (27) ,her topic “Victorian women fight against the fate - the comparison and analysis between Jane Eyre and Tess” , both of them seek for the happiness by the fight against fate ,one have the happy life and the other one is with tragedy as ending, she studied the reason why these two heroines have the different ending from the character , educational level, family and social factors .It revealed the developing of the feminism in Victorian times .

Zhen Sujuan published her theory at Overseas English in 2014(13) , her study is " An Inevitable Tragedy—On Tess’ s Fate in Tess of the D’ Urbervilles " ,she analyzed the reason of Tess's tragedy from the relationship of Tess at that time. The author thought the main reason is the hypocritical morality .

I'll learn and refer the previous scholars' theory to analyze the reason of Tess's tragedy on male chauvinism from different factors : the social, character and the relationship of Tess . I'll also mainly analyze the male chasuvism from the origin ,causes and the influence to women at different times . 

Outline as below :

1 Introduction

2 Male Chauvinism

2.1 Origin of Male Chauvinism

2.2 Key Features of Male Chauvinism

3 Manifestation and Causes of Male Chauvinism

3.1 Manifestation of Male Chauvinism in Literature

   3.1.1 Manifestation of Male Chauvinism of John Durbeyfield

   3.1.2 Manifestation of Male Chauvinism of Alec D’Urbervilles

   3.1.3 Manifestation of Male Chauvinism of Angle Clare

  3.2 Manifestation of Male Chauvinism in Language

  3.3 Causes of Male Chauvinism

     3.3.1 Social Factor

     3.3.2 Religious Factor

  3.4 Women’s Status in the Society of Male Chauvinism

  3.4.1 Similar Fate of Women in Other Literary Works

  3.4.2 Women’s Status in Victorian Times

  3.4.3 Women’s Status in Present Society

4 Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgement

Bibliography as below :

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